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Mary Hunter Austin

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Mary Hunter Austin
Austin c. 1900
Born
Mary Hunter

(1868-09-09)September 9, 1868
Carlinville, Illinois, US
DiedAugust 13, 1934(1934-08-13) (aged 65)
Santa Fe, New Mexico, US
Alma materBlackburn College
OccupationWriter
SpouseStafford Wallace Austin

Mary Hunter Austin (September 9, 1868 – August 13, 1934) was an American writer. One of the early nature writers of the American Southwest, her classic The Land of Little Rain (1903) describes the fauna, flora, and people of the region between the High Sierra and the Mojave Desert of southern California.

Early years and education

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Graduation photograph of Mary Hunter Austin, 1888

Mary Hunter Austin was born on September 9, 1868, in Carlinville, Illinois (the fourth of six children) to Susannah (née Graham) and George Hunter. She graduated from Blackburn College in 1888. Her family moved to California in the same year and established a homestead in the San Joaquin Valley.[1]

Career

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Wedding portrait of Stafford Wallace Austin and Mary Hunter Austin, 1891.[2]

She married Stafford Wallace Austin on May 18, 1891, in Bakersfield, California. He was from Hawaii, a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley,[1] United States General Land Office employee, and, later, Potash War lawyer.[3]

For 17 years, Austin made a special study of the lives of the indigenous peoples of the Mojave Desert. Her publications set forth the intimate knowledge she thus acquired. She was a prolific novelist, poet, critic, and playwright, as well as an early feminist and defender of Native American and Spanish-American rights.

Austin is best known for her tribute to the deserts of California, The Land of Little Rain (1903).[4] Her play, The Arrow Maker, dealing with Indian life, was produced at the New Theatre, (New York) in 1911, the same year she published a rhapsodic tribute to her acquaintance H. G. Wells as a producer of "informing, vitalizing, indispensable books" in the American Magazine.

Austin and her husband were involved in the local California Water Wars, after which the water of Owens Valley eventually was drained to supply Los Angeles.[5][6]

When the battle was lost, after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Stafford moved[7] to Death Valley, California and Mary relocated[8] to the art colony at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.[9][10] There Austin was part of the cultural circle that included Jack London, Ambrose Bierce, Harry Leon Wilson, George Sterling, Nora May French, Arnold Genthe, James Hopper, Alice MacGowan, Gelett Burgess, Sinclair Lewis, and Xavier Martinez. Two years after developing a friendship with Austin in 1904, Sterling enticed her to join him in Carmel.[9]: p49 

In 1906, she had a tree house constructed, that she called “Wick-i-up”,[11] built by M.J. Murphy, based on a design by San Francisco architect Louis Christian Mullgardt. She wrote much of her writings from this tree house..[12] Austin hired Murphy in 1907 to create a Craftsman-style cottage she called "Rose Cottage." The property is located at the intersection of 4th Avenue and Monte Verde Street. The cottage has gardens and two gates with paths leading to it. At this cottage, she entertained her friends, including London, Sterling, and Lewis.[12][13] Today, the cottage is listed as the Mary Austin House with the Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources,[14] and was recorded with the Department of Parks and Recreation as significant under California register criterion as the home of one of the bohemian founders of the artist colony at Carmel.[15]

Austin was one of the founders of the local Forest Theater, where in 1913 she premiered and directed her three-act play Fire. In July 1914, she joined William Merritt Chase, the distinguished New York painter who was teaching his last summer class in Carmel, at several society "teas" and privately in his studio, where he finished her portrait. The well-known artist Jennie V. Cannon reported that he began the painting as a class demonstration after Austin claimed that two of her portraits, which were executed by famous artists in the Latin Quarter of Paris, had already been accepted to the Salon.[9] Apparently, Chase was not deterred by Austin's "pushiness and claims to extra-sensory perceptions", but was more interested in her appointment as director of East Coast publicity for San Francisco's Panama–Pacific International Exposition.[9][16] On July 25, 1914, Chase attended her Indian melodrama in the Forest Theater, The Arrow Maker, and confessed to Cannon that he found the play dreary. Apparently, Dr. Daniel MacDougal, head of the local Carnegie Institute, paid for most of her production costs, because of his not-so-secret love affair with the writer.[9][17][16] In August 1914, one of Chase's students, Helena Wood Smith, was brutally strangled and buried on the beach by her Japanese lover, art-photographer George Kodani,[9][18] Austin joined the mob who disparaged local authorities for their incompetence.[9] After 1914 her visits to Carmel were relatively brief.

After visiting Santa Fe in 1918, Austin helped establish The Santa Fe Little Theatre[19] (still operating today as The Santa Fe Playhouse[20]) and directed the group's first production held February 14, 1919, at the art museum's St. Francis Auditorium.[21] Austin also was active in preserving the local culture of New Mexico, establishing the Spanish Colonial Arts Society in 1925 with artist Frank Applegate.[22]

In 1929, while living in New Mexico, Austin co-authored a book with photographer Ansel Adams. Published a year later, the book, Taos Pueblo, was printed in a limited edition of only 108 copies. It now is quite rare because, rather than reproductions, it included photographs made by Adams.[23]

Her home in Santa Fe, at 439 Camino del Monte Sol, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Camino del Monte Sol Historic District.[24]

Death and legacy

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Austin died August 13, 1934, in Santa Fe. Mount Mary Austin, in the Sierra Nevada, was named in her honor.[25] It is located 8.5 miles west of her long time home in Independence, California. A biography was published in 1939.[26]

photo of Mary Hunter Austin's home in Independence, California
Mary Hunter Austin wrote about her Independence, California home in The Land of Little Rain

The Austin home in Independence, California, designed and built by the couple, became a California Historical Landmark.[27]

A teleplay of The Land of Little Rain was written by Doris Baizley and presented on American Playhouse in 1989; it starred Helen Hunt. A 1950 edition of The Land of Little Rain and a 1977 edition of Taos Pueblo each included photographs by Ansel Adams.

  • The California Historical Landmark reads:
CHL No. 229 Austin Home - Inyo NO. 229 MARY AUSTIN'S HOME - Mary Austin, author of The Land of Little Rain and other volumes that picture the beauty of Owens Valley, lived in Independence. "But if ever you come beyond the borders as far as the town that lies in a hill dimple at the foot of Kearsarge, never leave it until you have knocked at the door of the brown house under the willow-tree at the end of the village street, and there you shall have such news of the land, of its trails and what is astir in them, as one lover of it can give to another ..." excerpt from The Land of Little Rain.[28]

Selected works

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Poetry (incomplete list)

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  • Rathers[32]
  • Prairie-Dog Town[33]
  • Signs Of Spring[34]
  • A Feller I Know[35]
  • San Francisco[36]
  • Caller of the Buffalo[37]
  • The Lighthouse And The Whistle-Buoy[38]

Further reading

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  • Hoffman, Abraham (2011). "Mary Austin, Stafford Austin, and the Owens Valley". Journal of the Southwest. 53 (3/4): 305–322. doi:10.1353/jsw.2011.0007. JSTOR 41710078. S2CID 162391279.
  • Alaimo, Stacy. "The undomesticated nature of feminism: Mary Austin and the progressive women conservationists." Studies In American Fiction 26, no. 1 (Spring 98 1998): 73–96.
  • Becher, Anne and Richey, Joseph. American Environmental Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present (2 vol, 2nd ed. 2008) vol 1 online pp. 33–36.
  • Hoffman, Abraham. "Mary Austin, Stafford Austin, and the Owens Valley." Journal of the Southwest, 53 (Autumn–Winter 2011): 305–322.
  • Berry, J. Wilkes (1969). "Mary Hunter Austin (1868-1934)". American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 2 (2): 125–131. JSTOR 27747642.
  • Baginski, Ana (2018). "'Re-expression' as Expression: Race and the Environment in the Work of Mary Hunter Austin". The Yearbook of Comparative Literature. 64 (1): 22–54. Project MUSE 861484.
  • Wild, Peter (1978). "16: Mary Hunter Austin Sees God Under a Walnut Tree". Pioneer Conservationists of Western America. Edward Abbey (Introduction). Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing. pp. 80–91. ISBN 0878421076.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Biography of Mary Hunter Austin". New Mexico History. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  2. ^ "Mary Austin". mojavedesert.net.
  3. ^ "Stafford Wallace Austin | Trona on the Web". January 19, 2013.
  4. ^ a b c Rolfe, Lionel (January 18, 1981). "Obscurity threatens works of California author Mary Austin". Los Angeles Times: The Book Review. p. 3. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
  5. ^ Reisner, Marc (1993). Cadillac Desert. Penguin. p. 79.
  6. ^ "Forget it, Jake, it's Chinatown: Owens Lake Dust Mitigation Program Near Keeler, California".
  7. ^ "Who's in a Name: Penstemon floridus var. Austinii". Archived from the original on August 18, 2016.
  8. ^ "California Historical Landmark #229: Mary Austin Home in Inyo County".
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Edwards, Robert W. (2012). "Chapter Two – Western Frontiers: Birth of the Carmel Art Colony (1896-1909)". Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies (PDF). Oakland, California: East Bay Heritage Project. p. 39. ISBN 978-1467545679. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  10. ^ "A Priestess Of The West. Gental Mary Austin Tells of Her Plans". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 15, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  11. ^
  12. ^ a b Paul, Linda Leigh (2000). "Mary Austin's House, Rose Cottage". Cottages by the Sea, The Handmade Homes of Carmel, America's First Artist Community. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Universe. p. 38. ISBN 9780789304957. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  13. ^ "Homes of Famous Carmelites" (PDF). ci.carmel.ca.us. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. 1992. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  14. ^ "Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources Database" (PDF). The City of Carmel. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
  15. ^ "DPR 523 Forms Volume I A-69" (PDF). Department of Parks and recreation. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. October 14, 2001. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Fink, Augusta (1983). I-Mary, A Biography of Mary Austin. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 170–213. ISBN 978-0816507894. OCLC 9081799.
  17. ^ Stineman, Esther Lanigan (1989). Mary Austin, Song of a Maverick. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. pp. 84–132. OCLC 19123321.
  18. ^ Edan Hughes, Artists in California, 786-1940 (San Francisco: Crocker Art Museum, 2002)
  19. ^ Cline, Lynn (2007). Literary Pilgrims : The Santa Fe and Taos Writers' Colonies 1917–1950. University of New Mexico Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0826338518.
  20. ^ "Mission + History". Santa Fe Playhouse .org. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  21. ^ Weigle, Marta (1982). Santa Fe & Taos : The Writer's Era 1916–1941. Santa Fe. NM: Ancient City Press. p. 155. ISBN 0941270084.
  22. ^ Lewthwaite, Stephanie (2010). "Modernity, Mestizaje, and Hispano Art: Patrocinio Barela and the Federal Art Project". Journal of the Southwest. 52 (1): 42. doi:10.1353/jsw.2010.0002. JSTOR 27920208. S2CID 109908580.
  23. ^ Hammond, Ann (2002). Ansel Adams: Devine Performance. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 20–22. ISBN 0300092415.
  24. ^ Corinne P. Sze (February 12, 1988). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Camino del Monte Sol Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved July 8, 2019. With accompanying 30 photos
  25. ^ "Mount Mary Austin". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  26. ^ Helen McKnight Doyle, Mary Austin: Woman of Genius (New York: Gotham House, 1939).
  27. ^ "Mary Austin's Home (No. 229 California Historical Landmark) | Sierra Nevada Geotourism". sierranevadageotourism.org.
  28. ^ "CHL # 229 Austin Home Inyo". www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com.
  29. ^ a b From 1921 through 1930 Fire and The Arrow Maker were produced outdoors in Tahquitz Canyon near Palm Springs, California. See: Browne, Renee (August 8, 2015). "History: 'Ramona' inspired early Palm Springs plays". The Desert Sun.
  30. ^ "Fire: a drama in three acts". Playbook. 2 (5–7). October–December 1914.OCLC 17287569, 593527817
  31. ^ Performed as an outdoor pageant at Tahquitz Canyon, Palm Springs, California in 1921. Culver, Lawrence (2010). The Frontier of Leisure: Southern California and the Shaping of Modern America. Oxford University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0199891924. OCLC 464581464, 811404022
  32. ^ "Rathers by Mary Austin, Famous Children Poem".
  33. ^ "Prairie-Dog Town by Mary Austin, Famous Children Poem".
  34. ^ "Signs of Spring - Signs of Spring Poem by Mary Austin". September 27, 2010.
  35. ^ "Poem: A Feller I Know by Mary Austin".
  36. ^ "Poem: San Francisco by Mary Austin".
  37. ^ "Poem: Caller of the Buffalo by Mary Austin".
  38. ^ "Mary Austin - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry".
  39. ^ Wynn, Dudley (1966). "Mary Hunter Austin by T. M. Pearce (review)". Western American Literature. 1 (2): 130–133. doi:10.1353/wal.1966.0001. S2CID 165474363. Project MUSE 528587.
  40. ^ Stout, Janis P. (1998). "Mary Austin's Feminism: A Reassessment". Studies in the Novel. 30 (1): 77–101. JSTOR 29533250.
  41. ^ "22. Pearce, T.M.. Mary Austin. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.,, 1965. | New Mexico Archives Online".
  42. ^ Pearce, Thomas Matthews (February 23, 1966). "Mary Hunter Austin".
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