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World Figure Skating Championships

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World Figure Skating Championships
StatusActive
GenreSporting event
Date(s)Varying
FrequencyAnnual
CountryVarying
Inaugurated1896
Organised byInternational Skating Union
1964 World Figure Skating Championships, ladies' singles medalists (left to right: Regine Heitzer, Sjoukje Dijkstra, Petra Burka)

The World Figure Skating Championships, commonly referred to as "Worlds", are an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Generally held in March, the World Championships are considered to be the most prestigious of the ISU Figure Skating Championships. With the exception of the Olympic title, a world title is considered to be the highest competitive achievement in figure skating.

The corresponding competition for junior-level skaters is the World Junior Championships. The corresponding competition for senior-level synchronized skating is the World Synchronized Skating Championships and for junior level the World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships.

History

[edit]

The Internationale Eislauf-Vereinigung (International Skating Union) formed in 1892 to govern international competition in speed and figure skating. The first championship, known as the Championship of the Internationale Eislauf-Vereingung, was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1896. There were four competitors and the winner of the event was Gilbert Fuchs.[1]

The championships were presumed all-male since competitive skating was generally viewed as a male sport. However, there were no specific rules regarding the gender of competitors. In 1902, Madge Syers entered the championships and won the silver medal.[2] The 1903 ISU Congress considered gender issues, but passed no new rules. The 1905 ISU Congress established a second-class ladies' competition called the "ISU Championships" rather than the "World Championships", and winners were to be known as ISU champions and not world champions. Men's and ladies' events were normally held separately. The first ladies' competition was held in Davos, Switzerland, in 1906;[2] the event was won by Syers.

The first pair skating competition was held in Saint Petersburg in 1908,[3] despite pairs competition being illegal in some countries and considered indecent. Early championships for both ladies and pairs, previously titled "ISU Championships", were retroactively given World Championship status in 1924.[3]

In the early years, judges were invited by the host country and were often native. At the 1927 ladies' event in Oslo, Norway, three of the five judges were Norwegian; these three judges awarded first place to Norwegian competitor Sonja Henie, while the Austrian and German judges placed defending champion Herma Szabo first. The controversial result stood, giving Henie her first world title, but the controversy led to the ISU introducing a new rule that allowed no more than one judge per country on the panel.[4]

The 1930 Championships in New York City were the first to be held outside Europe and combined all three competitions into one event for the first time.[3][5] Ice dance entered the program officially in 1952.[3]

Until 1959, national teams were allowed to field multiple competitors in each discipline; for example the United Kingdom entered six skaters in the ladies' singles competition in 1948, and five skaters represented the United States in each singles discipline in 1951. Beginning in 1960, the number of participants per country was limited to a maximum of three per discipline.

In 1967, all events at the World Championships, other than compulsory figures and ice dance, were held indoors.[6]

Compulsory figures were removed from the World Championships in 1991.

The 6.0 system was used for judging up to and including the 2004 event, after which the ISU Judging System was instituted.

Every four years, because the World Championships take place around a month after the Winter Olympics, a large proportion of Olympic medalists tend to be absent from the competition. Many skaters need time to rest due to physical and mental exhaustion, and some Olympic medalists choose to cash in on their recent success by turning professional.[7]

Cancellations

[edit]

The World Figure Skating Championships have been cancelled 16 times in the competition's history: from 1915 through 1921 due to World War I; from 1940 through 1946 due to World War II;[8] in 1961 as a result of the loss of the entire U.S. Figure Skating team in the crash of Sabena Flight 548; and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 2011 Championships, originally due to be held in Tokyo, Japan, were considered for cancellation after the Japan earthquake and tsunami, but were instead moved to Moscow, Russia.[9]

Eligibility and qualifying

[edit]

Skaters may compete at the World Championships if they represent a member nation of the International Skating Union and are selected by their federation. Pairs and ice dance partnerships composed of skaters of different nationalities are not allowed to compete under two flags; they are required to choose one country and obtain the other country's permission.

Member nations select their entries according to their own criteria. Some countries rely on the results of their national championships while others have more varied criteria, which may include success at certain international events or specific technical requirements. All of the selected skaters must meet the ISU's age and TES requirements.

Age eligibility

[edit]

Age restrictions have changed throughout the history of the World Championships. Originally there were no any age restrictions at all. For example, Sonja Henie of Norway (three-time Olympic champion and ten-time World champion in women's singles) debuted at the World Championships in 1924, at the age of 11. In mid-1990s International Skating Union (ISU) imposed age limits in order to protect young athletes from serious injuries, especially in women's singles and pair skating. Starting from 1996–97 season, skaters had to be at least 15 years old before July 1 of the previous year.[10]. However, there were some exceptions during few following seasons. One exception allowed those who already had skated in senior events to stay at that level. Most notably, Tara Lipinski from the United States (1998 Olympic champion in women's singles who debuted at the World Championships in 1996 at the age of 13) was allowed to participate at the 1997 World Championships where she won gold medal at the age of 14. That exception expired naturally after couple of seasons. There was also an exception that skaters who had won medals at the World Junior Championships were eligible to compete as seniors. For example, Sarah Hughes from the United States (2002 Olympic champion in women's singles) won silver medal at the 1999 World Junior Championships and thus was allowed to participate at the 1999 World Championships at the age of 13.[11] That exception lasted through the 1999–2000 season, which was also the first season that Junior Worlds were moved from November-December to early March.

At the ISU Congress held in Phuket, Thailand, in June 2022, members of the ISU Council accepted a proposal to gradually increase the minimum age limit for senior competition to 17 years old beginning from the 2024–25 season. To avoid forcing skaters who had already competed in the senior category to return to juniors, the age limit remained unchanged during the 2022–23 season, before increasing to 16 years old during the 2023–24 season, and then will increase to 17 years old during the 2024–25 season.[12]

Minimum technical scores

[edit]

Since 2010, only skaters who have reached minimum technical elements scores (TES) in the short and free programs at a prior international event are allowed to compete at the World Championships.[13] The short and free scores may be attained at different international events in the ongoing or preceding season. After an ISU congress voted to eliminate the qualifying rounds, the TES minimums were raised for the 2013 World Championships.

Qualifying rounds

[edit]

Because of the large number of entries at the World Championships, in some years the event included qualifying rounds for men and ladies. After the 2006 championships in Calgary, Canada, the ISU Congress voted to eliminate the qualifying round. It was later reintroduced and then eliminated again after the 2012 World Championships. After the short program, the top 24 single skaters and top 20 pairs advance to the free skate. In ice dance, the top 30 teams in the compulsory dance advanced to the original dance, and the top 24 after that segment advanced to the free dance.

Number of entries

[edit]

Each national federation is entitled to send one entry per discipline. Depending on their results at the previous year's competition, some countries are allowed to send a second or third entry. If a country has only one entry, that skater/team must place in the top ten to earn a second entry and in the top two to earn three entries to next year's championships. If a country has two or three entries, their combined placement (best two) must be 28 or less to keep two entries for their country, and 13 or fewer to qualify three entries. All skaters who qualify for the free segment but place 16th or lower receive 16 placement points. All skaters who compete in the short segment but do not qualify for the free receive 18 placement points. There are exceptions if skaters are forced to withdraw in the middle of the competition due to a medical emergency or equipment problems – they are not considered as entered for the purpose of entry quotas' determination for next year's competition if they did not start or finish the free segment, but were among the top 10 in the short segment. Entries do not carry over and so countries must continue to earn their second or third spot every year.

Number of entries this year Points required to earn three entries the next year Points required to earn two entries the next year
One Placement in the top two Placement in the top ten
Two Total placements equal to or less than 13 Total placements equal to or less than 28
Three Top two placements equal to or less than 13 Top two placements equal to or less than 28

Medalists

[edit]

Men's singles

[edit]
Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Ref.
1896 Russia St. Petersburg German Empire Gilbert Fuchs Austria Gustav Hügel Russia Georg Sanders [14]
1897 Sweden Stockholm Austria Gustav Hügel Sweden Ulrich Salchow Norway Johan Lefstad
1898 United Kingdom London Sweden Henning Grenander Austria Gustav Hügel German Empire Gilbert Fuchs
1899 Switzerland Davos Austria Gustav Hügel Sweden Ulrich Salchow United Kingdom Edgar Syers
1900 Switzerland Davos Austria Gustav Hügel Sweden Ulrich Salchow No other competitors
1901 Sweden Stockholm Sweden Ulrich Salchow German Empire Gilbert Fuchs
1902 United Kingdom London Sweden Ulrich Salchow United Kingdom Madge Syers German Empire Martin Gordan
1903 Russia St. Petersburg Sweden Ulrich Salchow Russia Nikolai Panin Kolomenkin Austria Max Bohatsch
1904 Germany Berlin Sweden Ulrich Salchow German Empire Heinrich Burger German Empire Martin Gordan
1905 Sweden Stockholm Sweden Ulrich Salchow Austria Max Bohatsch Sweden Per Thorén
1906 Germany Munich German Empire Gilbert Fuchs German Empire Heinrich Burger Sweden Bror Meyer
1907 Austria-Hungary Vienna Sweden Ulrich Salchow Austria Max Bohatsch German Empire Gilbert Fuchs
1908 Austria-Hungary Troppau Sweden Ulrich Salchow German Empire Gilbert Fuchs German Empire Heinrich Burger
1909 Sweden Stockholm Sweden Ulrich Salchow Sweden Per Thorén Austria Ernst Herz
1910 Switzerland Davos Sweden Ulrich Salchow German Empire Werner Rittberger Hungary Andor Szende
1911 German Empire Berlin Sweden Ulrich Salchow German Empire Werner Rittberger Austria Fritz Kachler
1912 United Kingdom Manchester Austria Fritz Kachler German Empire Werner Rittberger Hungary Andor Szende
1913 Austria-Hungary Vienna Austria Fritz Kachler Austria Willy Böckl Hungary Andor Szende
1914 Russian Empire Helsinki Sweden Gösta Sandahl Austria Fritz Kachler Austria Willy Böckl
1915–
1921
No competition held due to World War I
1922 Sweden Stockholm Sweden Gillis Grafström Austria Fritz Kachler Austria Willy Böckl
1923 Austria Vienna Austria Fritz Kachler Austria Willy Böckl Sweden Gösta Sandahl
1924 United Kingdom Manchester Sweden Gillis Grafström Austria Willy Böckl Austria Ernst Oppacher
1925 Austria Vienna Austria Willy Böckl Austria Fritz Kachler Austria Otto Preißecker
1926 Germany Berlin Austria Willy Böckl Austria Otto Preißecker United Kingdom John Page
1927 Switzerland Davos Austria Willy Böckl Austria Otto Preißecker Austria Karl Schäfer
1928 Germany Berlin Austria Willy Böckl Austria Karl Schäfer Austria Hugo Distler
1929 United Kingdom London Sweden Gillis Grafström Austria Karl Schäfer Austria Ludwig Wrede
1930 United States New York City Austria Karl Schäfer United States Roger Turner Switzerland Georges Gautschi
1931 Germany Berlin Austria Karl Schäfer United States Roger Turner Germany Ernst Baier
1932 Canada Montreal Austria Karl Schäfer Canada Montgomery Wilson Germany Ernst Baier
1933 Switzerland Zürich Austria Karl Schäfer Germany Ernst Baier Finland Marcus Nikkanen
1934 Sweden Stockholm Austria Karl Schäfer Germany Ernst Baier Austria Erich Erdös
1935 Hungary Budapest Austria Karl Schäfer United Kingdom Jack Dunn Hungary Dénes Pataky
1936 France Paris Austria Karl Schäfer United Kingdom Graham Sharp Austria Felix Kaspar
1937 Austria Vienna Austria Felix Kaspar United Kingdom Graham Sharp Hungary Elemér Terták
1938 Germany Berlin Austria Felix Kaspar United Kingdom Graham Sharp Austria Herbert Alward
1939 Hungary Budapest United Kingdom Graham Sharp United Kingdom Freddie Tomlins Germany Horst Faber
1940–
1946
No competition held due to World War II
1947 Sweden Stockholm Switzerland Hans Gerschwiler United States Dick Button United Kingdom Arthur Apfel
1948 Switzerland Davos United States Dick Button Switzerland Hans Gerschwiler Hungary Ede Király
1949 France Paris United States Dick Button Hungary Ede Király Austria Edi Rada
1950 United Kingdom London United States Dick Button Hungary Ede Király United States Hayes Alan Jenkins
1951 Italy Milan United States Dick Button United States James Grogan Austria Hellmut Seibt
1952 France Paris United States Dick Button United States James Grogan United States Hayes Alan Jenkins
1953 Switzerland Davos United States Hayes Alan Jenkins United States James Grogan Italy Carlo Fassi
1954 Norway Oslo United States Hayes Alan Jenkins United States James Grogan France Alain Giletti
1955 Austria Vienna United States Hayes Alan Jenkins United States Ronnie Robertson United States David Jenkins
1956 West Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen United States Hayes Alan Jenkins United States Ronnie Robertson United States David Jenkins
1957 United States Colorado Springs United States David Jenkins United States Tim Brown Canada Charles Snelling
1958 France Paris United States David Jenkins United States Tim Brown France Alain Giletti
1959 United States Colorado Springs United States David Jenkins Canada Donald Jackson United States Tim Brown
1960 Canada Vancouver France Alain Giletti Canada Donald Jackson France Alain Calmat
1961 Czechoslovakia Prague Competition cancelled due to the crash of Sabena Flight 548
1962 Czechoslovakia Prague Canada Donald Jackson Czechoslovakia Karol Divín France Alain Calmat
1963 Italy Cortina d'Ampezzo Canada Donald McPherson France Alain Calmat Germany Manfred Schnelldorfer
1964 West Germany Dortmund Germany Manfred Schnelldorfer France Alain Calmat Czechoslovakia Karol Divín
1965 United States Colorado Springs France Alain Calmat United States Scott Allen Canada Donald Knight
1966 Switzerland Davos Austria Emmerich Danzer Austria Wolfgang Schwarz United States Gary Visconti
1967 Austria Vienna Austria Emmerich Danzer Austria Wolfgang Schwarz United States Gary Visconti
1968 Switzerland Geneva Austria Emmerich Danzer United States Tim Wood France Patrick Péra
1969 United States Colorado Springs United States Tim Wood Czechoslovakia Ondrej Nepela France Patrick Péra
1970 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ljubljana United States Tim Wood Czechoslovakia Ondrej Nepela East Germany Günter Zöller
1971 France Lyon Czechoslovakia Ondrej Nepela France Patrick Péra Soviet Union Sergei Chetverukhin
1972 Canada Calgary Czechoslovakia Ondrej Nepela Soviet Union Sergei Chetverukhin Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyov
1973 Czechoslovakia Bratislava Czechoslovakia Ondrej Nepela Soviet Union Sergei Chetverukhin East Germany Jan Hoffmann
1974 West Germany Munich East Germany Jan Hoffmann Soviet Union Sergei Volkov Canada Toller Cranston
1975 United States Colorado Springs Soviet Union Sergei Volkov Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyov United Kingdom John Curry
1976 Sweden Gothenburg United Kingdom John Curry Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyov East Germany Jan Hoffmann
1977 Japan Tokyo Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyov East Germany Jan Hoffmann Japan Minoru Sano
1978 Canada Ottawa United States Charles Tickner East Germany Jan Hoffmann United Kingdom Robin Cousins
1979 Austria Vienna Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyov United Kingdom Robin Cousins East Germany Jan Hoffmann
1980 West Germany Dortmund East Germany Jan Hoffmann United Kingdom Robin Cousins United States Charles Tickner
1981 United States Hartford United States Scott Hamilton United States David Santee Soviet Union Igor Bobrin
1982 Denmark Copenhagen United States Scott Hamilton Germany Norbert Schramm Canada Brian Pockar
1983 Finland Helsinki United States Scott Hamilton Germany Norbert Schramm Canada Brian Orser
1984 Canada Ottawa United States Scott Hamilton Canada Brian Orser Soviet Union Alexandre Fadeev
1985 Japan Tokyo Soviet Union Alexandre Fadeev Canada Brian Orser United States Brian Boitano
1986 Switzerland Geneva United States Brian Boitano Canada Brian Orser Soviet Union Alexandre Fadeev
1987 United States Cincinnati Canada Brian Orser United States Brian Boitano Soviet Union Alexandre Fadeev
1988 Hungary Budapest United States Brian Boitano Canada Brian Orser Soviet Union Viktor Petrenko
1989 France Paris Canada Kurt Browning United States Christopher Bowman Poland Grzegorz Filipowski
1990 Canada Halifax Canada Kurt Browning Soviet Union Viktor Petrenko United States Christopher Bowman
1991 Germany Munich Canada Kurt Browning Soviet Union Viktor Petrenko United States Todd Eldredge
1992 United States Oakland Commonwealth of Independent States Viktor Petrenko Canada Kurt Browning Canada Elvis Stojko
1993 Czech Republic Prague Canada Kurt Browning Canada Elvis Stojko Russia Alexei Urmanov
1994 Japan Chiba Canada Elvis Stojko France Philippe Candeloro Ukraine Vyacheslav Zahorodnyuk
1995 United Kingdom Birmingham Canada Elvis Stojko United States Todd Eldredge France Philippe Candeloro
1996 Canada Edmonton United States Todd Eldredge Russia Ilia Kulik United States Rudy Galindo
1997 Switzerland Lausanne Canada Elvis Stojko United States Todd Eldredge Russia Alexei Yagudin
1998 United States Minneapolis Russia Alexei Yagudin United States Todd Eldredge Russia Evgeni Plushenko
1999 Finland Helsinki Russia Alexei Yagudin Russia Evgeni Plushenko United States Michael Weiss
2000 France Nice Russia Alexei Yagudin Canada Elvis Stojko United States Michael Weiss
2001 Canada Vancouver Russia Evgeni Plushenko Russia Alexei Yagudin United States Todd Eldredge [15]
2002 Japan Nagano Russia Alexei Yagudin United States Timothy Goebel Japan Takeshi Honda [16]
2003 United States Washington, D.C. Russia Evgeni Plushenko United States Timothy Goebel Japan Takeshi Honda [17]
2004 Germany Dortmund Russia Evgeni Plushenko France Brian Joubert Germany Stefan Lindemann [18]
2005 Russia Moscow Switzerland Stéphane Lambiel Canada Jeffrey Buttle United States Evan Lysacek [19]
2006 Canada Calgary Switzerland Stéphane Lambiel France Brian Joubert United States Evan Lysacek [20]
2007 Japan Tokyo France Brian Joubert Japan Daisuke Takahashi Switzerland Stéphane Lambiel [21]
2008 Sweden Gothenburg Canada Jeffrey Buttle France Brian Joubert United States Johnny Weir [22]
2009 United States Los Angeles United States Evan Lysacek Canada Patrick Chan France Brian Joubert [23]
2010 Italy Turin Japan Daisuke Takahashi Canada Patrick Chan France Brian Joubert [24]
2011 Russia Moscow Canada Patrick Chan Japan Takahiko Kozuka Russia Artur Gachinski [25]
2012 France Nice Canada Patrick Chan Japan Daisuke Takahashi Japan Yuzuru Hanyu [26]
2013 Canada London Canada Patrick Chan Kazakhstan Denis Ten Spain Javier Fernández [27]
2014 Japan Saitama Japan Yuzuru Hanyu Japan Tatsuki Machida Spain Javier Fernández [28]
2015 China Shanghai Spain Javier Fernández Japan Yuzuru Hanyu Kazakhstan Denis Ten [29]
2016 United States Boston Spain Javier Fernández Japan Yuzuru Hanyu China Jin Boyang [30]
2017 Finland Helsinki Japan Yuzuru Hanyu Japan Shoma Uno China Jin Boyang [31]
2018 Italy Milan United States Nathan Chen Japan Shoma Uno Russia Mikhail Kolyada [32]
2019 Japan Saitama United States Nathan Chen Japan Yuzuru Hanyu United States Vincent Zhou [33]
2020 Canada Montreal Competition cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic [34]
2021 Sweden Stockholm United States Nathan Chen Japan Yuma Kagiyama Japan Yuzuru Hanyu [35]
2022 France Montpellier Japan Shoma Uno Japan Yuma Kagiyama United States Vincent Zhou [36]
2023 Japan Saitama Japan Shoma Uno South Korea Cha Jun-hwan United States Ilia Malinin [37]
2024 Canada Montreal United States Ilia Malinin Japan Yuma Kagiyama France Adam Siao Him Fa [38]
2025 United States Boston
2026 Czech Republic Prague

Women's singles

[edit]
Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Ref.
1906 Switzerland Davos United Kingdom Madge Syers Austria Jenny Herz Hungary Lily Kronberger [39]
1907 Austria-Hungary Vienna United Kingdom Madge Syers Austria Jenny Herz Hungary Lily Kronberger
1908 Austria-Hungary Troppau Hungary Lily Kronberger German Empire Elsa Rendschmidt No other competitors
1909 Austria-Hungary Budapest Hungary Lily Kronberger No other competitors
1910 German Empire Berlin Hungary Lily Kronberger German Empire Elsa Rendschmidt No other competitors
1911 Austria-Hungary Vienna Hungary Lily Kronberger Hungary Opika von Méray Horváth German Empire Ludowika Eilers
1912 Switzerland Davos Hungary Opika von Méray Horváth United Kingdom Dorothy Greenhough-Smith United Kingdom Phyllis Johnson
1913 Sweden Stockholm Hungary Opika von Méray Horváth United Kingdom Phyllis Johnson Sweden Svea Norén
1914 Switzerland St. Moritz Hungary Opika von Méray Horváth Austria Angela Hanka United Kingdom Phyllis Johnson
1915–
1921
No competition held due to World War I
1922 Sweden Stockholm Austria Herma Szabo Sweden Svea Norén Norway Margot Moe
1923 Austria Vienna Austria Herma Szabo Austria Gisela Reichmann Sweden Svea Norén
1924 Norway Kristiania Austria Herma Szabo Germany Ellen Brockhöft United States Beatrix Loughran
1925 Switzerland Davos Austria Herma Szabo Germany Ellen Brockhöft Germany Elisabeth Böckel
1926 Sweden Stockholm Austria Herma Szabo Norway Sonja Henie United Kingdom Kathleen Shaw
1927 Norway Oslo Norway Sonja Henie Austria Herma Szabo Norway Karen Simensen
1928 United Kingdom London Norway Sonja Henie United States Maribel Vinson Austria Fritzi Burger
1929 Hungary Budapest Norway Sonja Henie Austria Fritzi Burger Austria Melitta Brunner
1930 United States New York City Norway Sonja Henie Canada Cecil Smith United States Maribel Vinson
1931 Germany Berlin Norway Sonja Henie Austria Hilde Holovsky Austria Fritzi Burger
1932 Canada Montreal Norway Sonja Henie Austria Fritzi Burger Canada Constance Wilson-Samuel
1933 Sweden Stockholm Norway Sonja Henie Sweden Vivi-Anne Hultén Austria Hilde Holovsky
1934 Norway Oslo Norway Sonja Henie United Kingdom Megan Taylor Austria Liselotte Landbeck
1935 Austria Vienna Norway Sonja Henie United Kingdom Cecilia Colledge Sweden Vivi-Anne Hultén
1936 France Paris Norway Sonja Henie United Kingdom Megan Taylor Sweden Vivi-Anne Hultén
1937 United Kingdom London United Kingdom Cecilia Colledge United Kingdom Megan Taylor Sweden Vivi-Anne Hultén
1938 Sweden Stockholm United Kingdom Megan Taylor United Kingdom Cecilia Colledge United States Hedy Stenuf
1939 Czechoslovakia Prague United Kingdom Megan Taylor United States Hedy Stenuf United Kingdom Daphne Walker
1940–
1946
No competition held due to World War II
1947 Sweden Stockholm Canada Barbara Ann Scott United Kingdom Daphne Walker United States Gretchen Merrill
1948 Switzerland Davos Canada Barbara Ann Scott Austria Eva Pawlik Czechoslovakia Jiřina Nekolová
1949 France Paris Czechoslovakia Alena Vrzáňová United States Yvonne Sherman United Kingdom Jeannette Altwegg
1950 United Kingdom London Czechoslovakia Alena Vrzáňová United Kingdom Jeannette Altwegg United States Yvonne Sherman
1951 Italy Milan United Kingdom Jeannette Altwegg France Jacqueline du Bief United States Sonya Klopfer
1952 France Paris France Jacqueline du Bief United States Sonya Klopfer United States Virginia Baxter
1953 Switzerland Davos United States Tenley Albright West Germany Gundi Busch United Kingdom Valda Osborn
1954 Norway Oslo West Germany Gundi Busch United States Tenley Albright United Kingdom Erica Batchelor
1955 Austria Vienna United States Tenley Albright United States Carol Heiss Austria Hanna Eigel
1956 West Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen United States Carol Heiss United States Tenley Albright Austria Ingrid Wendl
1957 United States Colorado Springs United States Carol Heiss Austria Hanna Eigel Austria Ingrid Wendl
1958 France Paris United States Carol Heiss Austria Ingrid Wendl Austria Hanna Walter
1959 United States Colorado Springs United States Carol Heiss Austria Hanna Walter Netherlands Sjoukje Dijkstra
1960 Canada Vancouver United States Carol Heiss Netherlands Sjoukje Dijkstra United States Barbara Ann Roles
1961 Czechoslovakia Prague Competition cancelled due to the crash of Sabena Flight 548
1962 Czechoslovakia Prague Netherlands Sjoukje Dijkstra Canada Wendy Griner Austria Regine Heitzer
1963 Italy Cortina d'Ampezzo Netherlands Sjoukje Dijkstra Austria Regine Heitzer France Nicole Hassler
1964 West Germany Dortmund Netherlands Sjoukje Dijkstra Austria Regine Heitzer Canada Petra Burka
1965 United States Colorado Springs Canada Petra Burka Austria Regine Heitzer United States Peggy Fleming
1966 Switzerland Davos United States Peggy Fleming East Germany Gabriele Seyfert Canada Petra Burka
1967 Austria Vienna United States Peggy Fleming East Germany Gabriele Seyfert Czechoslovakia Hana Mašková
1968 Switzerland Geneva United States Peggy Fleming East Germany Gabriele Seyfert Czechoslovakia Hana Mašková
1969 United States Colorado Springs East Germany Gabriele Seyfert Austria Beatrix Schuba Hungary Zsuzsa Almássy
1970 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ljubljana East Germany Gabriele Seyfert Austria Beatrix Schuba United States Julie Lynn Holmes
1971 France Lyon Austria Beatrix Schuba United States Julie Lynn Holmes Canada Karen Magnussen
1972 Canada Calgary Austria Beatrix Schuba Canada Karen Magnussen United States Janet Lynn
1973 Czechoslovakia Bratislava Canada Karen Magnussen United States Janet Lynn East Germany Christine Errath
1974 West Germany Munich East Germany Christine Errath United States Dorothy Hamill Netherlands Dianne de Leeuw
1975 United States Colorado Springs Netherlands Dianne de Leeuw United States Dorothy Hamill East Germany Christine Errath
1976 Sweden Gothenburg United States Dorothy Hamill East Germany Christine Errath Netherlands Dianne de Leeuw
1977 Japan Tokyo United States Linda Fratianne East Germany Anett Pötzsch West Germany Dagmar Lurz
1978 Canada Ottawa East Germany Anett Pötzsch United States Linda Fratianne Italy Susanna Driano
1979 Austria Vienna United States Linda Fratianne East Germany Anett Pötzsch Japan Emi Watanabe
1980 West Germany Dortmund East Germany Anett Pötzsch West Germany Dagmar Lurz United States Linda Fratianne
1981 United States Hartford Switzerland Denise Biellmann United States Elaine Zayak Austria Claudia Kristofics-Binder
1982 Denmark Copenhagen United States Elaine Zayak East Germany Katarina Witt Austria Claudia Kristofics-Binder
1983 Finland Helsinki United States Rosalynn Sumners West Germany Claudia Leistner Soviet Union Elena Vodorezova
1984 Canada Ottawa East Germany Katarina Witt Soviet Union Anna Kondrashova United States Elaine Zayak
1985 Japan Tokyo East Germany Katarina Witt Soviet Union Kira Ivanova United States Tiffany Chin
1986 Switzerland Geneva United States Debi Thomas East Germany Katarina Witt United States Tiffany Chin
1987 United States Cincinnati East Germany Katarina Witt United States Debi Thomas United States Caryn Kadavy
1988 Hungary Budapest East Germany Katarina Witt Canada Elizabeth Manley United States Debi Thomas
1989 France Paris Japan Midori Ito West Germany Claudia Leistner United States Jill Trenary
1990 Canada Halifax United States Jill Trenary Japan Midori Ito United States Holly Cook
1991 Germany Munich United States Kristi Yamaguchi United States Tonya Harding United States Nancy Kerrigan
1992 United States Oakland United States Kristi Yamaguchi United States Nancy Kerrigan China Chen Lu
1993 Czech Republic Prague Ukraine Oksana Baiul France Surya Bonaly China Chen Lu
1994 Japan Chiba Japan Yuka Sato France Surya Bonaly Germany Tanja Szewczenko
1995 United Kingdom Birmingham China Chen Lu France Surya Bonaly United States Nicole Bobek
1996 Canada Edmonton United States Michelle Kwan China Chen Lu Russia Irina Slutskaya
1997 Switzerland Lausanne United States Tara Lipinski United States Michelle Kwan France Vanessa Gusmeroli
1998 United States Minneapolis United States Michelle Kwan Russia Irina Slutskaya Russia Maria Butyrskaya
1999 Finland Helsinki Russia Maria Butyrskaya United States Michelle Kwan Russia Julia Soldatova
2000 France Nice United States Michelle Kwan Russia Irina Slutskaya Russia Maria Butyrskaya
2001 Canada Vancouver United States Michelle Kwan Russia Irina Slutskaya United States Sarah Hughes [15]
2002 Japan Nagano Russia Irina Slutskaya United States Michelle Kwan Japan Fumie Suguri [16]
2003 United States Washington, D.C. United States Michelle Kwan Russia Elena Sokolova Japan Fumie Suguri [17]
2004 Germany Dortmund Japan Shizuka Arakawa United States Sasha Cohen United States Michelle Kwan [18]
2005 Russia Moscow Russia Irina Slutskaya United States Sasha Cohen Italy Carolina Kostner [19]
2006 Canada Calgary United States Kimmie Meissner Japan Fumie Suguri United States Sasha Cohen [20]
2007 Japan Tokyo Japan Miki Ando Japan Mao Asada South Korea Yuna Kim [21]
2008 Sweden Gothenburg Japan Mao Asada Italy Carolina Kostner South Korea Yuna Kim [22]
2009 United States Los Angeles South Korea Yuna Kim Canada Joannie Rochette Japan Miki Ando [23]
2010 Italy Turin Japan Mao Asada South Korea Yuna Kim Finland Laura Lepistö [24]
2011 Russia Moscow Japan Miki Ando South Korea Yuna Kim Italy Carolina Kostner [25]
2012 France Nice Italy Carolina Kostner Russia Alena Leonova Japan Akiko Suzuki [26]
2013 Canada London South Korea Yuna Kim Italy Carolina Kostner Japan Mao Asada [27]
2014 Japan Saitama Japan Mao Asada Russia Yulia Lipnitskaya Italy Carolina Kostner [28]
2015 China Shanghai Russia Elizaveta Tuktamysheva Japan Satoko Miyahara Russia Elena Radionova [29]
2016 United States Boston Russia Evgenia Medvedeva United States Ashley Wagner Russia Anna Pogorilaya [30]
2017 Finland Helsinki Russia Evgenia Medvedeva Canada Kaetlyn Osmond Canada Gabrielle Daleman [31]
2018 Italy Milan Canada Kaetlyn Osmond Japan Wakaba Higuchi Japan Satoko Miyahara [32]
2019 Japan Saitama Russia Alina Zagitova Kazakhstan Elizabet Tursynbaeva Russia Evgenia Medvedeva [33]
2020 Canada Montreal Competition cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic [34]
2021 Sweden Stockholm FSR Anna Shcherbakova FSR Elizaveta Tuktamysheva FSR Alexandra Trusova [35]
2022 France Montpellier Japan Kaori Sakamoto Belgium Loena Hendrickx United States Alysa Liu [36]
2023 Japan Saitama Japan Kaori Sakamoto South Korea Lee Hae-in Belgium Loena Hendrickx [37]
2024 Canada Montreal Japan Kaori Sakamoto United States Isabeau Levito South Korea Kim Chae-yeon [38]
2025 United States Boston
2026 Czech Republic Prague

Pairs

[edit]
Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Ref.
1908 Russian Empire St. Petersburg
  • German Empire
[40]
1909 Sweden Stockholm
1910 German Empire Berlin
1911 Austria-Hungary Vienna No other competitors
1912 United Kingdom Manchester
1913 Sweden Stockholm
1914 Switzerland St. Moritz
1915–
1921
No competition held due to World War I
1922 Switzerland Davos
1923 Norway Kristiania
1924 United Kingdom Manchester
1925 Austria Vienna
1926 Germany Berlin
1927 Austria Vienna
1928 United Kingdom London
1929 Hungary Budapest
1930 United States New York City
1931 Weimar Republic Berlin
1932 Canada Montreal
1933 Sweden Stockholm
1934 Finland Helsinki
1935 Hungary Budapest
1936 France Paris
1937 United Kingdom London
1938 Germany Berlin
1939 Hungary Budapest
1940–
1946
No competition held due to World War II
1947 Sweden Stockholm
1948 Switzerland Davos
1949 France Paris
1950 United Kingdom London
1951 Italy Milan
1952 France Paris
1953 Switzerland Davos
1954 Norway Oslo
1955 Austria Vienna
1956 West Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1957 United States Colorado Springs
1958 France Paris
1959 United States Colorado Springs
1960 Canada Vancouver
1961 Czechoslovakia Prague Competition cancelled due to the crash of Sabena Flight 548
1962 Czechoslovakia Prague
1963 Italy Cortina d'Ampezzo
1964 West Germany Dortmund
1965 United States Colorado Springs
1966 Switzerland Davos
1967 Austria Vienna
1968 Switzerland Geneva
1969 United States Colorado Springs
1970 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ljubljana
1971 France Lyon
1972 Canada Calgary
1973 Czechoslovakia Bratislava
1974 West Germany Munich
1975 United States Colorado Springs
1976 Sweden Gothenburg
1977 Japan Tokyo
1978 Canada Ottawa
1979 Austria Vienna
1980 West Germany Dortmund
1981 United States Hartford
1982 Denmark Copenhagen
1983 Finland Helsinki
1984 Canada Ottawa
1985 Japan Tokyo
1986 Switzerland Geneva
1987 United States Cincinnati
1988 Hungary Budapest
1989 France Paris
1990 Canada Halifax
1991 Germany Munich
1992 United States Oakland
1993 Czech Republic Prague
1994 Japan Chiba
1995 United Kingdom Birmingham
1996 Canada Edmonton
1997 Switzerland Lausanne
1998 United States Minneapolis
1999 Finland Helsinki
2000 France Nice
2001 Canada Vancouver [15]
2002 Japan Nagano [16]
2003 United States Washington, D.C. [17]
2004 Germany Dortmund [18]
2005 Russia Moscow [19]
2006 Canada Calgary [20]
2007 Japan Tokyo [21]
2008 Sweden Gothenburg [22]
2009 United States Los Angeles [23]
2010 Italy Turin [24]
2011 Russia Moscow [25]
2012 France Nice [26]
2013 Canada London [27]
2014 Japan Saitama [28]
2015 China Shanghai [29]
2016 United States Boston [30]
2017 Finland Helsinki [31]
2018 Italy Milan [32]
2019 Japan Saitama [33]
2020 Canada Montreal Competition cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic [34]
2021 Sweden Stockholm [35]
2022 France Montpellier [36]
2023 Japan Saitama [37]
2024 Canada Montreal [38]
2025 United States Boston
2026 Czech Republic Prague

Ice dance

[edit]
Year Location Gold Silver Bronze Ref.
1952 France Paris [41]
1953 Switzerland Davos
1954 Norway Oslo
1955 Austria Vienna
1956 West Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1957 United States Colorado Springs
1958 France Paris
1959 United States Colorado Springs
1960 Canada Vancouver
1961 Czechoslovakia Prague Competition cancelled due to the crash of Sabena Flight 548
1962 Czechoslovakia Prague
1963 Italy Cortina d'Ampezzo
1964 West Germany Dortmund
1965 United States Colorado Springs
1966 Switzerland Davos
1967 Austria Vienna
1968 Switzerland Geneva
1969 United States Colorado Springs
1970 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ljubljana
1971 France Lyon
1972 Canada Calgary
1973 Czechoslovakia Bratislava
1974 West Germany Munich
1975 United States Colorado Springs
1976 Sweden Gothenburg
1977 Japan Tokyo
1978 Canada Ottawa
1979 Austria Vienna
1980 West Germany Dortmund
1981 United States Hartford
1982 Denmark Copenhagen
1983 Finland Helsinki
1984 Canada Ottawa
1985 Japan Tokyo
1986 Switzerland Geneva
1987 United States Cincinnati
1988 Hungary Budapest
1989 France Paris
1990 Canada Halifax
1991 Germany Munich
1992 United States Oakland
1993 Czech Republic Prague
1994 Japan Chiba
1995 United Kingdom Birmingham
1996 Canada Edmonton
1997 Switzerland Lausanne
1998 United States Minneapolis
1999 Finland Helsinki
2000 France Nice
2001 Canada Vancouver [15]
2002 Japan Nagano [16]
2003 United States Washington, D.C. [17]
2004 Germany Dortmund [18]
2005 Russia Moscow [19]
2006 Canada Calgary [20]
2007 Japan Tokyo [21]
2008 Sweden Gothenburg [22]
2009 United States Los Angeles [23]
2010 Italy Turin [24]
2011 Russia Moscow [25]
2012 France Nice [26]
2013 Canada London [27]
2014 Japan Saitama [28]
2015 China Shanghai [29]
2016 United States Boston [30]
2017 Finland Helsinki [31]
2018 Italy Milan [32]
2019 Japan Saitama [33]
2020 Canada Montreal Competition cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic [34]
2021 Sweden Stockholm [35]
2022 France Montpellier [36]
2023 Japan Saitama [37]
2024 Canada Montreal [38]
2025 United States Boston
2026 Czech Republic Prague

Records

[edit]
Event Most titles Most consecutive titles Medal sweeps
Men's singles 10 1901–05;
1907–11
7 1930–36  Austria 1925
1927–28
 United States 1952
1955–56
Women's singles 10 1927–36 10 1927–36  United States 1991
FSR 2021
Pairs 6 1973–78 6 1973–78 Germany Germany 1939
10[a] 1969–78 10[a] 1969–78  Soviet Union 1969
1988
Ice dance 6 1970–74;
1976
5 1970–74  Great Britain 1955–56
1968
 CIS 1992
 Russia 1993
Note
  1. ^ a b Irina Rodnina won ten consecutive titles in 1969–1978, the first four times while partnered with Alexei Ulanov.

Cumulative medal count

[edit]
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States606584209
2 Soviet Union444224110
3 Austria364634116
4 Canada363838112
5 Russia33262786
6 Great Britain28302482
7 Japan17191349
8 Germany16202157
9 France16191954
10 Sweden1571133
11 Hungary1371535
12 East Germany12161240
13 Norway102517
14 Czechoslovakia95519
15 China811928
16 West Germany612725
17 Switzerland4228
18 Netherlands4138
19 Finland35311
20 Italy34815
21Figure Skating Federation of Russia3126
22 CIS3115
23 South Korea2439
24 Belgium2125
25 Bulgaria2114
26 Spain2024
27 Ukraine1023
28 Czech Republic1001
29 Kazakhstan0213
30 Poland0022
31 Israel0011
 Lithuania0011
Totals (32 entries)3893873821,158

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hines 2006, p. 75.
  2. ^ a b Hines 2006, p. 88.
  3. ^ a b c d "Some Key Dates in ISU History". International Skating Union. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010.
  4. ^ Hines 2006, p. 114.
  5. ^ Hines 2011, p. xxiii.
  6. ^ Hines 2011, p. xxvi.
  7. ^ Barry, Colleen (29 March 2010). "Olympic-fatigued skaters bumble through worlds". Associated Press. Google.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2010.
  8. ^ Hines, p. xxiv
  9. ^ "ISU Statement of March 24, 2011". Archived from the original on 2011-04-23. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
  10. ^ "China eyed over eight athletes' ages". Associated Press. ESPN. February 14, 2011. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011.
  11. ^ Loosemore, Sandra (March 16, 2000). "Junior skaters shouldn't face senior pressure". CBS Sportsline. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ^ "ISU to raise minimum age for senior competitions to 17". Reuters. June 7, 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  13. ^ "ISU Communication 1685: Entries ISU Championships 2012". 25 Jul 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012.
  14. ^ "World Figure Skating Championships: Men" (PDF). International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d "2001 World Figure Skating Championships". International Skating Union. 16 September 2001. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d "2002 World Figure Skating Championships". International Skating Union. 27 March 2002. Archived from the original on 16 February 2005. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  17. ^ a b c d "World Figure Skating Championships 2003". International Skating Union. 17 March 2003. Archived from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d "2004 ISU World Figure Skating Championships". International Skating Union. 23 March 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  19. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2005". International Skating Union. 19 March 2005. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2006". International Skating Union. 25 March 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  21. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2007". International Skating Union. 24 March 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  22. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2008". International Skating Union. 22 March 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  23. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships Los Angeles 2009". International Skating Union. 28 March 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  24. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2010". International Skating Union. 27 March 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  25. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2011". International Skating Union. 30 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  26. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2012". International Skating Union. 31 March 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  27. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2013". International Skating Union. 16 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  28. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2014". International Skating Union. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  29. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2015". International Skating Union. 28 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  30. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2016". International Skating Union. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  31. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2017". International Skating Union. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  32. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2018". International Skating Union. 24 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  33. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2019". International Skating Union. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  34. ^ a b c d "ISU Statement - ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2020, Montreal". International Skating Union. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  35. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2021". International Skating Union. 27 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  36. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2022". International Skating Union. 26 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  37. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2023". International Skating Union. 25 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  38. ^ a b c d "ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2024". International Skating Union. 24 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  39. ^ "World Figure Skating Championships: Ladies" (PDF). International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  40. ^ "World Figure Skating Championships: Pairs" (PDF). International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  41. ^ "World Figure Skating Championships: Dance" (PDF). International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

Works cited

[edit]
  • Hines, James R. (2006). Figure Skating: A History. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07286-4.
  • Hines, James R. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6859-5.
[edit]