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List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list ranks the world's cable-stayed bridges by the length of main span, i.e. the distance between the suspension towers. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank cable-stayed bridges. If one bridge has a longer span than another, it does not mean that the bridge is the longer from shore to shore, or from anchorage to anchorage. However, the size of the main span does often correlate with the height of the towers, and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.

Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans are generally more complex, and bridges of this type generally represent a more notable engineering achievement, even where their spans are shorter.

Cable-stayed bridges have the second-longest spans, after suspension bridges, of bridge types. They are practical for spans up to around 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). The Russky Bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus in Vladivostok, Russia, with its 1,104 metres (3,622 ft) span, has the longest span of any cable-stayed bridge, displacing the former record holder, the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China 1,088 metres (3,570 ft) on 12 April 2012.[citation needed]

Completed cable-stayed bridges

[edit]

This list of largest cable-stayed bridges includes all bridges with a main span of at least 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length. This list only includes bridges that carry vehicular traffic, such as automobiles or trains. It does not include suspension bridges, footbridges or pipeline bridges.

Sortable list of largest completed cable-stayed bridges, ranked by length of main span
Image Rank Name Main span

metres (feet)

Number
of
pylons
Year
completed
Location Country Ref
1 Russky Bridge 1,104 m (3,622.0 ft)
2
2012
Vladivostok
43°3′47.6″N 131°54′26.8″E / 43.063222°N 131.907444°E / 43.063222; 131.907444 (Russky Bridge)
 Russia [S 1]
2 Husutong Yangtze River Bridge 1,092 m (3,582.7 ft)
2
2020
Nantong - Suzhou, Jiangsu
32°00′17.1″N 120°42′50.1″E / 32.004750°N 120.713917°E / 32.004750; 120.713917 (Husutong Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 2][1][2]
3 Sutong Yangtze River Bridge 1,088 m (3,569.6 ft)
2
2008
Suzhou - Nantong, Jiangsu
31°46′40.2″N 120°59′41.2″E / 31.777833°N 120.994778°E / 31.777833; 120.994778 (Sutong Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 3]
4 Stonecutters Bridge 1,018 m (3,339.9 ft)
2
2009
Tsing Yi - Stonecutters Island, Hong Kong
22°19′33.7″N 114°7′6″E / 22.326028°N 114.11833°E / 22.326028; 114.11833 (Stonecutters Bridge)
 Hong Kong [S 4]
5 Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 938 m (3,077.4 ft)
2
2021
Wuhan, Hubei
30°40′47.8″N 114°28′00.4″E / 30.679944°N 114.466778°E / 30.679944; 114.466778 (Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge)
 China
6 Edong Yangtze River Bridge 926 m (3,038.1 ft)
2
2010
Huangshi, Hubei
30°15′38.1″N 115°4′20.1″E / 30.260583°N 115.072250°E / 30.260583; 115.072250 (Edong Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 5]
7 Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 920 m (3,018.4 ft)
2
2019
Jiayu County, Hubei
30°03′07.0″N 113°59′05.0″E / 30.051944°N 113.984722°E / 30.051944; 113.984722 (Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [3]
8 Tatara Bridge 890 m (2,919.9 ft)
2
1999
Ikuchi Island, Hiroshima - Ōmishima Island, Ehime
34°15′35.7″N 133°3′52.6″E / 34.259917°N 133.064611°E / 34.259917; 133.064611 (Tatara Bridge)
 Japan [S 6]
9 Pont de Normandie 856 m (2,808.4 ft)
2
1995
Le Havre, Seine-Maritime - Honfleur, Calvados
49°25′56.1″N 0°16′26.3″E / 49.432250°N 0.273972°E / 49.432250; 0.273972 (Pont de Normandie)
 France [S 7]
10 Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 828 m (2,716.5 ft)
2
2019
Chizhou - Zongyang County, Anhui
30°41′38.0″N 117°20′54.4″E / 30.693889°N 117.348444°E / 30.693889; 117.348444 (Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [4]
11 Shishou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 820 m (2,690.3 ft)
2
2019
Shishou, Hubei
29°47′14.6″N 112°29′34.3″E / 29.787389°N 112.492861°E / 29.787389; 112.492861 (Shishou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [5]
12 Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge 818 m (2,683.7 ft)
2
2013
Jiujiang, Jiangxi - Huangmei County, Hubei
29°43′21.4″N 115°54′30.2″E / 29.722611°N 115.908389°E / 29.722611; 115.908389 (Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge)
 China [S 8]
13 Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge 816 m (2,677.2 ft)
2
2010
Jingzhou, Hubei - Yueyang, Hunan
29°32′39.9″N 113°13′20.3″E / 29.544417°N 113.222306°E / 29.544417; 113.222306 (Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 9]
14 Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 808 m (2,650.9 ft)
2
2021
Wuxue, Hubei
29°50′34.9″N 115°30′10.7″E / 29.843028°N 115.502972°E / 29.843028; 115.502972 (Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [6]
15 Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 806 m (2,644.4 ft)
2
2017
Wuhu, Anhui
31°14′06.5″N 118°07′44.9″E / 31.235139°N 118.129139°E / 31.235139; 118.129139 (Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [7]
16 Incheon Bridge 800 m (2,624.7 ft)
2
2009
Incheon - Yeongjongdo
37°24′50.2″N 126°34′1.1″E / 37.413944°N 126.566972°E / 37.413944; 126.566972 (Incheon Bridge)
 South Korea [S 10]
16 Yachi River Bridge 800 m (2,624.7 ft)
2
2016
Qingzhen, Guizhou
26°50′56.9″N 106°08′14.5″E / 26.849139°N 106.137361°E / 26.849139; 106.137361 (Yachi River Bridge)
 China [8]
18 Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge 780 m (2,559.1 ft)
2
2013
Zhangzhou - Xiamen, Fujian
24°27′22.5″N 117°56′57.9″E / 24.456250°N 117.949417°E / 24.456250; 117.949417 (Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge)
 China [9]
19 Wuhan Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge 760 m (2,493.4 ft)
2
2017
Wuhan, Hubei
30°26′04.4″N 114°11′07.2″E / 30.434556°N 114.185333°E / 30.434556; 114.185333 (Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [10]
19 Danjiangkou Reservoir Bridge [zh] 760 m (2,493.4 ft)
2
2023
Shiyan, Hubei
 China [11]
21 Zolotoy Bridge 737 m (2,418.0 ft)
2
2012
Vladivostok
43°6′31.4″N 131°53′45.9″E / 43.108722°N 131.896083°E / 43.108722; 131.896083 (Zolotoy Bridge)
 Russia [S 11]
22 Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge 730 m (2,395.0 ft)
2
2009
Shanghai - Chongming County
31°26′4.3″N 121°44′38.3″E / 31.434528°N 121.743972°E / 31.434528; 121.743972 (Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 12]
22 Third Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 730 m (2,395.0 ft)
2
2019
Wanzhou District, Chongqing
30°47′26.3″N 108°23′50.4″E / 30.790639°N 108.397333°E / 30.790639; 108.397333 (Third Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [12]
24 Duge Bridge 720 m (2,362.2 ft)
2
2016
Dugexiang, Guizhou
26°23′11.8″N 104°40′31.8″E / 26.386611°N 104.675500°E / 26.386611; 104.675500 (Duge Bridge)
 China [S 13]
24 Chibi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 720 m (2,362.2 ft)
2
2021
Chibi City - Honghu, Hubei
29°51′10.1″N 113°34′08.3″E / 29.852806°N 113.568972°E / 29.852806; 113.568972 (Chibi Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [13]
26 Minpu Bridge 708 m (2,322.8 ft)
2
2009
Shanghai
31°3′10.7″N 121°28′35.1″E / 31.052972°N 121.476417°E / 31.052972; 121.476417 (Minpu Bridge)
 China [S 14]
27 Jiangshun Xi River Bridge [zh] 700 m (2,296.6 ft)
2
2015
Foshan - Jiangmen, Guangdong
22°46′52.1″N 113°04′08.7″E / 22.781139°N 113.069083°E / 22.781139; 113.069083 (Jiangshun Xi River Bridge)
 China [14]
28 Xiangshan Port Bridge 688 m (2,257.2 ft)
2
2012
Ningbo - Xiangshan County, Zhejiang
29°37′36.7″N 121°49′2.1″E / 29.626861°N 121.817250°E / 29.626861; 121.817250 (Xiangshan Port Bridge)
 China [15]
29 Langqi Min River Bridge [zh] 680 m (2,231.0 ft)
2
2013
Fuzhou, Fujian
26°5′57″N 119°32′13.1″E / 26.09917°N 119.536972°E / 26.09917; 119.536972 (Langqi Min River Bridge)
 China [16]
29 Second Fengdu Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 680 m (2,231.0 ft)
2
2017
Fengdu County, Chongqing
29°52′05.9″N 107°42′28.1″E / 29.868306°N 107.707806°E / 29.868306; 107.707806 (Second Fengdu Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [17]
31 Bianyuzhou Bridge [zh] 672 m (2,204.7 ft)
2
2021
Huangmei County - Jiujiang, Hubei/Jiangxi  China [18]
32 Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 660 m (2,165.4 ft)
2
2022
Dadukou District - Banan District, Chongqing
29°25′27.8″N 106°30′45.1″E / 29.424389°N 106.512528°E / 29.424389; 106.512528 (Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [19]
33 Yangmeizhou Bridge [zh] 658 m (2,158.8 ft)
2
2024
Xiangtan, Hunan
27°50′16.4″N 112°52′59.1″E / 27.837889°N 112.883083°E / 27.837889; 112.883083 (Yangmeizhou Bridge)
 China [20]
34 Queensferry Crossing 650 m (2,132.5 ft)
3
2017
Lothian and Fife
56°0′17″N 3°24′45″W / 56.00472°N 3.41250°W / 56.00472; -3.41250 (Queensferry Crossing)
 United Kingdom [S 15]
35 Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge 648 m (2,126.0 ft)
2
2005
Nanjing, Jiangsu
31°58′13″N 118°38′29.7″E / 31.97028°N 118.641583°E / 31.97028; 118.641583 (Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge)
 China [S 16]
36 Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 638 m (2,093.2 ft)
2
2016
Wangjiang County, Anhui
30°5′26.5″N 116°46′49″E / 30.090694°N 116.78028°E / 30.090694; 116.78028 (Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 17]
37 New Yalu River Bridge 636 m (2,086.6 ft)
2
2015
Dandong, Liaoning - Sinuiju, North Pyongan Province
40°2′7.8″N 124°22′11.2″E / 40.035500°N 124.369778°E / 40.035500; 124.369778 (New Yalu River Bridge)
 China
 North Korea
[21]
38 Tongling Yangtze River Road-railway Bridge 630 m (2,066.9 ft)
2
2015
Tongling, Anhui
31°5′0.4″N 117°57′58.3″E / 31.083444°N 117.966194°E / 31.083444; 117.966194 (Second Tongling Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 18]
39 Second Nanjing Yangtze Bridge 628 m (2,060.4 ft)
2
2001
Nanjing, Jiangsu
32°9′45.4″N 118°50′10.2″E / 32.162611°N 118.836167°E / 32.162611; 118.836167 (Second Nanjing Yangtze Bridge)
 China [S 19]
40 Jintang Bridge 620 m (2,034.1 ft)
2
2009
Ningbo - Jintang Island, Zhejiang
30°3′38″N 121°48′16.6″E / 30.06056°N 121.804611°E / 30.06056; 121.804611 (Jintang Bridge)
 China [S 20]
41 Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge 618 m (2,027.6 ft)
2
2000
Wuhan, Hubei
30°29′24.8″N 114°14′10.4″E / 30.490222°N 114.236222°E / 30.490222; 114.236222 (Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 21]
42 Erqi Yangtze River Bridge 616 m (2,021.0 ft)
3
2011
Wuhan, Hubei
30°37′39.5″N 114°20′31″E / 30.627639°N 114.34194°E / 30.627639; 114.34194 (Erqi Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 22]
43 Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 608 m (1,994.8 ft)
2
2014
Songjizhen
29°02′37.9″N 105°53′03.2″E / 29.043861°N 105.884222°E / 29.043861; 105.884222 (Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [22]
44 Qingzhou Bridge 605 m (1,984.9 ft)
2
2001
Fuzhou, Fujian
25°59′15.9″N 119°28′17.5″E / 25.987750°N 119.471528°E / 25.987750; 119.471528 (Qingzhou Bridge)
 China [S 23]
45 Yangpu Bridge 602 m
2
1993
Shanghai
31°15′24.4″N 121°32′29.4″E / 31.256778°N 121.541500°E / 31.256778; 121.541500 (Yangpu Bridge)
 China [S 24]
46 Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 600 m (1,968.5 ft)
3
2020
Nanjing, Jiangsu
32°00′21.4″N 118°39′41.6″E / 32.005944°N 118.661556°E / 32.005944; 118.661556 (Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [23]
47 Xijiang Rail Bridge 600 m (1,968.5 ft)
2
2021
Jiangmen-Foshan, Guangdong
22°42′1″N 113°05′47″E / 22.70028°N 113.09639°E / 22.70028; 113.09639 (Xijiang Rail Bridge)
 China [24]
48 Xupu Bridge 590 m (1,935.7 ft)
2
1997
Shanghai
31°7′45.6″N 121°27′52.8″E / 31.129333°N 121.464667°E / 31.129333; 121.464667 (Xupu Bridge)
 China [S 25]
48 Meiko-Chuo Bridge [ja] 590 m (1,935.7 ft)
2
1998
Nagoya, Aichi
35°3′12.5″N 136°51′37.2″E / 35.053472°N 136.860333°E / 35.053472; 136.860333 (Meiko-Chuo Bridge)
 Japan [S 26]
50 Yijishan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 588 m (1,929.1 ft)
2
2020
Wuhu, Anhui
31°21′19.8″N 118°20′29.2″E / 31.355500°N 118.341444°E / 31.355500; 118.341444 (Yijishan Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [25]
51 Taoyaomen Bridge 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2003
Cezi Island - Fuchi Island, Zhoushan
30°6′0.9″N 121°57′34.3″E / 30.100250°N 121.959528°E / 30.100250; 121.959528 (Taoyaomen Bridge)
 China [S 27]
51 Anqing Yangtze River Railway Bridge 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2014
Anqing, Anhui
30°34′20″N 117°14′57.4″E / 30.57222°N 117.249278°E / 30.57222; 117.249278 (Anqing Yangtze River Railway Bridge)
 China [S 28]
51 Liuguanghe Xiqian Expressway Bridge 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2017
Liutongxiang, Guizhou
27°04′43.3″N 106°24′03.2″E / 27.078694°N 106.400889°E / 27.078694; 106.400889 (Liuguanghe Bridge Xiqian)
 China [26]
51 Honglian Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2023
Guangzhou, Guangdong  China [27]
51 Shenzhong Corridor Zhongshan Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2024
Zhongshan, Guangdong
22°32′29″N 113°38′10″E / 22.54139°N 113.63611°E / 22.54139; 113.63611 (Shenzhong Corridor Hengmen East Bridge)
 China [28]
51 Fulong Xi River Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2024
Foshan, Guangdong
22°59′59″N 112°50′20″E / 22.99972°N 112.83889°E / 22.99972; 112.83889 (Fulong Xi River Bridge)
 China [29]
57 Gujin Expressway Chishuihe Bridge [zh] 575 m (1,886.5 ft)
2
2024
Sichuan  China [30]
58 Nanxi Xianyuan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 572 m (1,876.6 ft)
2
2019
Nanxi District, Sichuan
28°48′34.7″N 104°57′33.8″E / 28.809639°N 104.959389°E / 28.809639; 104.959389 (Nanxi Xianyuan Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [31]
59 Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 567 m (1,860.2 ft)
2
2014
Huanggang, Hubei
30°31′57.6″N 114°49′58.5″E / 30.532667°N 114.832917°E / 30.532667; 114.832917 (Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 29]
60 Yumenkou Yellow River Road Bridge [zh] 565 m (1,853.7 ft)
2
2020
Hancheng, Shaanxi - Hejin, Shanxi
35°39′17.4″N 110°36′4.62″E / 35.654833°N 110.6012833°E / 35.654833; 110.6012833 (Yumenkou Yellow River Road Bridge)
 China [32]
61 Rio–Antirrio bridge 560 m (1,837.3 ft)
4
2004
Rio, Peloponnese - Antirrio, Aetolia-Acarnania
38°19′13.9″N 21°46′23.3″E / 38.320528°N 21.773139°E / 38.320528; 21.773139 (Rio–Antirrio bridge)
 Greece [S 30]
61 Haihuang Bridge [zh] 560 m (1,837.3 ft)
2
2017
Jainca County - Hualong Hui, Qinghai
35°50′12.4″N 102°05′06.5″E / 35.836778°N 102.085139°E / 35.836778; 102.085139 (Haihuang Bridge)
 China [S 31]
61 Zunyu Expressway Xiang River Bridge [zh] 560 m (1,837.3 ft)
2
2021
Weng'an, Guizhou  China [33][34]
64 Pingtang Bridge 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
3
2019
Pingtang, Guizhou
25°47′09.2″N 107°03′20.1″E / 25.785889°N 107.055583°E / 25.785889; 107.055583 (Pingtang Bridge)
 China
64 Can Tho Bridge 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
2
2010
Cần Thơ, Mekong Delta
10°2′5.6″N 105°48′46.3″E / 10.034889°N 105.812861°E / 10.034889; 105.812861 (Can Tho Bridge)
 Vietnam [S 32]
66 Changmen Bridge [zh] 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
2
2019
Fuzhou, Fujian
26°8′3.23″N 119°35′31.72″E / 26.1342306°N 119.5921444°E / 26.1342306; 119.5921444 (Changmen Bridge)
 China [35]
66 Zhoudai Bridge [zh] 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
3
2021
Zhoushan, Zhejiang  China [36]
68 Busan Harbor Bridge 540 m (1,771.7 ft)
2
2014
Busan, Yeongnam
35°6′21.1″N 129°3′54.5″E / 35.105861°N 129.065139°E / 35.105861; 129.065139 (Busan Harbor Bridge)
 South Korea [S 33]
69 La Pepa Bridge 540 m (1,771.7 ft)
2
2015
Cádiz, Andalusia
36°31′23.4″N 6°15′56″W / 36.523167°N 6.26556°W / 36.523167; -6.26556 (La Pepa Bridge)
 Spain [S 34]
70 Shachengwan Bridge [zh] 535 m (1,755.2 ft)
2
2021
Fuding, Fujian

27°14′22.25″N 120°17′33.81″E / 27.2395139°N 120.2927250°E / 27.2395139; 120.2927250 (Shachengwan Bridge)

 China [37]
71 Pingtan Strait Rail-Road Bridge [zh] 532 m (1,745.4 ft)
2
2020
Changle - Pingtan County, Fujian
25°41′45.7″N 119°37′40.6″E / 25.696028°N 119.627944°E / 25.696028; 119.627944 (Pingtan Strait Rail-Road Bridge)
 China [38][39]
72 Skarnsund Bridge 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
1991
Inderøy - Mosvik, Nord-Trøndelag
63°50′35.8″N 11°4′32.2″E / 63.843278°N 11.075611°E / 63.843278; 11.075611 (Skarnsund Bridge)
 Norway [S 35]
72 Atlantic Bridge, Panama 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
2019[40]
Colón Province
9°18′27.9″N 79°55′05.7″W / 9.307750°N 79.918250°W / 9.307750; -79.918250 (Atlantic Bridge, Panama)
 Panama [S 36]
72 Yinzhouhu Bridge [zh] 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
2023
Jiangmen, Guangdong
22°25′2.94″N 113°4′11.92″E / 22.4174833°N 113.0699778°E / 22.4174833; 113.0699778 (Yinzhouhu Bridge)
 China [41]
75 Lingang Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 522 m (1,712.6 ft)
2
2023
Yibin, Sichuan  China [42][43]
76 Baluarte Bridge 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2012
Concordia, Sinaloa - Pueblo Nuevo, Durango
23°32′1.8″N 105°45′36.4″W / 23.533833°N 105.760111°W / 23.533833; -105.760111 (Baluarte Bridge)
 Mexico [S 37]
76 Huangyi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2012
Huangyizhen, Sichuan
28°53′42.6″N 105°32′53.8″E / 28.895167°N 105.548278°E / 28.895167; 105.548278 (Huangyi Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 38]
76 Hejiang Shenbicheng Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2023
Hejiang, Sichuan

28°52′19.02″N 105°41′50.25″E / 28.8719500°N 105.6972917°E / 28.8719500; 105.6972917 (Shenbicheng Yangtze River Bridge)

 China [44]
76 Naxi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2023
Luzhou, Sichuan  China [45]
76 Xiangbei Marshalling Station Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2023
Xiangyang, Hubei  China [46]
76 Hongqimen Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2024
Guangzhou, Guangdong  China [47]
82 Queshi Bridge 518 m (1,699.5 ft)
2
1999
Shantou, Guangdong
23°20′38.1″N 116°39′35.9″E / 23.343917°N 116.659972°E / 23.343917; 116.659972 (Queshi Bridge)
 China [S 39]
82 Gong'an Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 518 m (1,699.5 ft)
2
2018
Gong'an County - Jiangling County, Hubei
30°04′14.4″N 112°19′39.3″E / 30.070667°N 112.327583°E / 30.070667; 112.327583 (Gongan Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [48]
84 Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge 510 m (1,673.2 ft)
2
1994
Yokohama, Kanagawa
35°28′19.3″N 139°41′57.1″E / 35.472028°N 139.699194°E / 35.472028; 139.699194 (Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge)
 Japan [S 40]
84 Anqing Yangtze River Bridge 510 m (1,673.2 ft)
2
2004
Anqing, Anhui
30°29′56.6″N 117°4′16.9″E / 30.499056°N 117.071361°E / 30.499056; 117.071361 (Anqing Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 41]
84 First Cheonsa Bridge 510 m (1,673.2 ft)
2
2019
Amtae Island - Aphae Island, South Jeolla Province
34°51′38.2″N 126°10′16.6″E / 34.860611°N 126.171278°E / 34.860611; 126.171278 (First Cheonsa Bridge)
 South Korea [49][50]
87 Hongshui River Huiluo Bridge [zh] 508 m (1,666.7 ft)
2
2018
Hongshuihezhen, Guizhou
25°10′54.8″N 106°41′12.7″E / 25.181889°N 106.686861°E / 25.181889; 106.686861 (Hongshui River Huiluo Bridge)
 China [51]
88 Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge 504 m (1,653.5 ft)
2
2008
Wuhan, Hubei
30°39′25.8″N 114°24′1.7″E / 30.657167°N 114.400472°E / 30.657167; 114.400472 (Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 42]
89 Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge
north bridge
500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2002
Jingzhou, Hubei
30°19′4″N 112°13′2.8″E / 30.31778°N 112.217444°E / 30.31778; 112.217444 (Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [S 43]
89 Kanchanaphisek Bridge 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2007
Phra Pradaeng District, Samut Prakan Province
13°37′59.5″N 100°32′18.2″E / 13.633194°N 100.538389°E / 13.633194; 100.538389 (Kanchanaphisek Bridge)
 Thailand [S 44]
89 Sungai Johor Bridge 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2011
Johor Bahru, Johor
1°31′54.7″N 104°1′21.4″E / 1.531861°N 104.022611°E / 1.531861; 104.022611 (Sungai Johor Bridge)
 Malaysia [S 45]
89 Mokpo Bridge [ko] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2012
Mokpo, South Jeolla Province
34°47′20.7″N 126°21′20.7″E / 34.789083°N 126.355750°E / 34.789083; 126.355750 (Pont de Mokpo}Mokpo Bridge)
 South Korea [52]
89 Hwatae Bridge [ko] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2015
Yeosu - Hwatae Island
34°35′52.5″N 127°44′6.9″E / 34.597917°N 127.735250°E / 34.597917; 127.735250 (Hwatae Bridge)
 South Korea [53]
89 Honghe Bridge [zh] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
4
2020
Zhuhai, Guangdong
22°10′10″N 113°26′4.77″E / 22.16944°N 113.4346583°E / 22.16944; 113.4346583 (Honghe Bridge)
 China [54]
89 Nanjing Shangba Jiajiang Bridge [zh] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2020
Nanjing, Jiangsu
32°10′5.89″N 118°46′20.86″E / 32.1683028°N 118.7724611°E / 32.1683028; 118.7724611 (Shangba Bridge)
 China [55]
89 Hwayang-Jobal Bridge 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2020
Jobaldo Island - Jangsu-ri, South Jeolla Province
34°38′03.8″N 127°34′19.2″E / 34.634389°N 127.572000°E / 34.634389; 127.572000 (Hwayang-Jobal Bridge)
 South Korea [56]
89 Xuefenghu Bridge [zh] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2023
Anhua, Hunan  China [57]

Cable-stayed bridges under construction

[edit]
Sortable list of cable-stayed bridges under construction, ranked by length of main span
Name Main span

metres (feet)

Number
of
pylons
Year
to open
Location Country Ref
Changtai Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 1,208 m (3,963.3 ft)
2
2025
Changzhou - Taizhou, Jiangsu
31°58′53″N 120°00′03″E / 31.98139°N 120.00083°E / 31.98139; 120.00083 (Changzhou Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [58][59]
Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge 1,160 m (3,805.8 ft)
2
2026
Jiangling, Hubei  China [60]
Maanshan Yangtze River Rail & Road Double Deck Bridge 1,120 m (3,674.5 ft)
3
2025
Ma'anshan, Hubei
31°35′38″N 118°23′31″E / 31.59389°N 118.39194°E / 31.59389; 118.39194 (Maanshan Yangtze River Rail & Road Bridge)
 China [61]
Puzhehei Bridge 930 metres (3,050 ft)
2
2026
Shedexiang, Yunnan  China [62]
Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge 890 m (2,919.9 ft)
2
2026
Zhijiang, Hubei

30°24′52″N 111°46′55″E / 30.41444°N 111.78194°E / 30.41444; 111.78194 (Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge)

 China [63]
Xiangshan Bridge 880 m (2,887.1 ft)
2
2026
Zhongshan, Guangdong  China [64]
Gordie Howe International Bridge 853 m (2,798.6 ft)
2
2025[65]
Detroit to Windsor  United States/ Canada [66][67]
Chizhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge 812 m (2,664.0 ft)
2
2026
Chizhou, Anhui

30°41′38″N 117°20′49″E / 30.69389°N 117.34694°E / 30.69389; 117.34694 (Chizhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge)

 China [68]
Shenzhen-Jiangmen High Speed Railroad Hongqili Bridge [zh] 808 m (2,650.9 ft)
2
2028
Zhongshan, Guangdong
 China [69]
Qinglongmen First Bridge [zh] 756 m (2,480.3 ft)
3
2028
Ningbo - Zhoushan, Zhejiang  China [70]
Huangmaohai Bridge [zh] 720 m (2,362.2 ft)
3
2024
Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong  China [71]
Min'an Bridge 716 m (2,349.1 ft)
2
2025
Fuzhou, Fujian  China [72]
Gaolangang Bridge [zh] 700 m (2,296.6 ft)
2
2024
Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong  China [71]
Xiangshan Port Railway Bridge 688 m (2,257.2 ft)
2
Ningbo - Xiangshan County, Zhejiang
29°37′36.7″N 121°49′2.1″E / 29.626861°N 121.817250°E / 29.626861; 121.817250 (Xiangshan Port Bridge)
 China [73]
Xinshi Jinsha River Bridge [zh] 680 m (2,231.0 ft)
2
2024
Pingshan, Sichuan - Suijiang, Yunnan  China [74]
Taoyaomen Rail Road Bridge [zh] 666 m (2,185.0 ft)
2
2025
Cezi Island - Fuchi Island, Zhoushan
30°6′0.03″N 121°57′32.41″E / 30.1000083°N 121.9590028°E / 30.1000083; 121.9590028 (Taoyaomen Rail Road Bridge)
 China [75]
Daxihe Bridge [zh] 650 m (2,132.5 ft)
2
2025
Fengjie - Wushan, Chongqing  China [76]
Pingnan Xu River Bridge [zh] 636 m (2,086.6 ft)
2
2025
Pingnan, Guangxi  China [77]
Shunxing Bridge [zh] 626 m (2,053.8 ft)
2
2025
Foshan, Guangdong  China [78]
Qianjiang Bridge [zh] 618 m (2,027.6 ft)
2
2024
Laibin-Wuxuan, Guangxi  China [79]
Fuling Shituo Yangtze River Rail/Road Bridge [zh] 608 m (1,994.8 ft)
2
2026
Fuling District, Chongqing  China [80]
Dongying Yellow River Rail/Road Bridge [zh] 600 m (1,968.5 ft)
2
Dongying, Shandong  China [81][82]
Hengqin Expressway Yu River Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
Hengzhou, Guangxi  China [83]
Songzihe Bridge [zh] 555 m (1,820.9 ft)
2
Songzi, Hubei  China [84]
Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
2
2024
Jiulongpo District - Nan'an District, Chongqing
29°29′25.2″N 106°32′53.6″E / 29.490333°N 106.548222°E / 29.490333; 106.548222 (Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge)
 China [85]
Godeok Bridge 540 m (1,771.7 ft)
2
2023
Gangdong District, Seoul - Guri, Gyeonggi Province
37°34′17.6″N 127°08′57.3″E / 37.571556°N 127.149250°E / 37.571556; 127.149250 (Godeok Bridge)
 South Korea [86]
Danjiang Xiaosanxia Bridge [zh] 536 m (1,758.5 ft)
2
2025
Xichuan, Henan  China [87]
Rongshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
2024
Hejiang, Sichuan  China [88]
Qiji Yellow River Bridge [zh] 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
Jinan-Qihe, Sichuan

36°43′49″N 116°51′18″E / 36.73028°N 116.85500°E / 36.73028; 116.85500 (Qiji Yellow River Bridge)

 China [88]
Anluo Expressway Yellow River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2025
Yuanyang-Zhongmou, Guangdong  China [89]
Harbor Bridge Project 506.4 m (1,661.4 ft)
2
2023
Corpus Christi, Texas  United States [90]

Planned and proposed bridges

[edit]
Sortable list of planned and proposed bridges, ranked by length of main span
Name Main span

metres (feet)

Status Location Notes
Nie Er Bridge 1,056 m (3,465 ft) proposed Hainan to Guangdong China The bridge will cross the Qiongzhou Strait, and include two 1408 metre suspension spans and several 1056 metre cable-stayed spans.[91]
Yangshan Zhoushan Bridge 930 m (3,050 ft) preliminary
work
Zhoushan to Yangshan, China Sections of the bridge on Zhoushan Islands are under development
Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge 900 m (3,000 ft) proposed Bataan to Cavite, Philippines The bridge includes a 32.15-kilometer-long, four-lane, cable-stayed bridge that will cross the Manila Bay and connect Barangay Alas-asin in Mariveles, Bataan, and Barangay Timalan, Naic, Cavite.[92]
Fourth Panama Canal Bridge 540 m (1,770 ft) proposed Balboa, Panama Will support six vehicle lanes and the new line 3 of the Panama Metro.[93]

Longest cable-stayed bridge decks

[edit]

The definition of cable-stayed bridge deck length used here is: A continuous part of the bridge deck that is supported only by stay-cables and pylons, or are free spans. This means that columns supporting the side span as for example found in Pont de Normandie, excludes most of the side span decks from the cable-stayed deck length.

There are some bridges with long bridge decks whose span lengths have not been published, and therefore are missing. Extradosed bridges are not included. The thirty longest decks are:

legend
  main span
  multiple main spans
  side spans
Sortable list of the longest cable-stayed bridge decks, including multiple spans, ranked by length of bridge deck
Rank Cable-stayed
deck length
Name Span arrangement
(metres)
1 2,540 m (8,330 ft) Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge[94] 200 428 428 428 428 428 200
2 2,460 m (8,070 ft) Millau Viaduct[95] 204 342 342 342 342 342 342 204
3 2,252 m (7,388 ft) Rio-Antirio Bridge[96] 286 560 560 560 286
4 2,016 m (6,614 ft) Hutong Yangtze River Bridge[1] 462 1092 462
5 1,744 m (5,722 ft) Queensferry Crossing 222 650 650 222
6 1,688 m (5,538 ft) Sutong Yangtze River Bridge 300 1088 300
7 1,685 m (5,528 ft) Pelješac Bridge 130 285 285 285 285 285 130
8 1,648 m (5,407 ft) Honghe Bridge [zh][97] 162 500 162 162 500 162
9 1,552 m (5,092 ft) Erqi Yangtze River Bridge[98] 160 616 616 160
10 1,500 m (4,900 ft) Nhật Tân Bridge 150 300 300 300 300 150
11 1,500 m (4,900 ft) Pingtang Bridge[99] 200 550 550 200
12 1,495 m (4,905 ft) General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge[100] 160 235 235 235 235 235 160
13 1,470 m (4,820 ft) Chishi Bridge 165 380 380 380 165
14 1,422 m (4,665 ft) Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge [zh][7] 308 806 308
15 1,323 m (4,341 ft) Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge [zh][3] 73 920 330
16 1,320 m (4,330 ft) Incheon Bridge 260 800 260
17 1,312 m (4,304 ft) Tatara Bridge 164 890 258
18 1,310 m (4,300 ft) Dunkou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 275 760 275
19 1,278 m (4,193 ft) Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh][4] 170 828 280
20 1,272 m (4,173 ft) Russky Bridge 84 1104 84
21 1,250 m (4,100 ft) Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh][101] 156 938 156
22 1,246 m (4,088 ft) Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge 258 730 258
23 1,240 m (4,070 ft) Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge[102] 230 780 230
24 1,234 m (4,049 ft) Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh][103] 148 938 148
25 1,212 m (3,976 ft) Xiangshan Port Bridge 262 688 262
26 1,194 m (3,917 ft) Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge[104] 80 816 298
27 1,190 m (3,900 ft) Shishou Yangtze River Bridge [zh][5] 80 820 290
28 1,178 m (3,865 ft) Stonecutters Bridge 80 1018 80
29 1,177 m (3,862 ft) Ting Kau Bridge 127 448 475 127
30 1,170 m (3,840 ft) Meiko-Chuo Bridge [ja] 290 590 290
31 1,170 m (3,840 ft) Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge [zh][105] 255 660 255
32 1,158 m (3,799 ft) Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge[106] 255 648 255
33 1,136 m (3,727 ft) Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge 84 818 234
34 1,128 m (3,701 ft) Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge [zh][107] 290 768 70
35 1,110 m (3,640 ft) Second Tongling Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 240 630 240

Timeline of world record lengths

[edit]

Many early suspension bridges included cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Abbey Bridge, James Dredge's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge, London (1872), and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. Albert Caquot's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development.[108] The steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger (1956) is therefore more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge.[109]

This list tracks the bridge having the longest cable-stayed main span through time.

This list may be incomplete and detailed sources for pre-modern cable-stayed bridges may not be available, so the timeline might not be accurate.
Timeline of bridges with some form of cable-stay construction
Record Name Location Main span:
metres
(feet)
Crosses Notes
1871 – 1885 Old Redheugh Bridge United Kingdom Newcastle upon Tyne 73 m (240 ft) River Tyne destroyed in 1885[S 46][110]
1885 – 1891 Järnbron [sv] Sweden Uppsala 35 m (115 ft)[111] Fyris River [S 47]
1891 – 1914 Bluff Dale Bridge United States Bluff Dale, TX 43 m (141 ft) Paluxy River [S 48]
1914 – 1922 Kaihihi Stream Bridge New Zealand Okato 52 m (171 ft) footbridge[S 49][112]
1922 – 1926 Tauranga Bridge New Zealand Ōpōtiki 58 m (190 ft) Waioeka River [S 50]
1926 – 1952 Tempul Aqueduct Spain Jerez de la Frontera 60 m (200 ft) Guadalete River [S 51]
1952 – 1956 Donzère-Mondragon Bridge France Pierrelatte 81 m (266 ft) Donzère-Mondragon Canal [S 52]
1956 – 1957 Strömsund Bridge Sweden Strömsund 182 m (597 ft) Ströms vattudal [S 53]
1957 – 1959 Theodor Heuss Bridge Germany Düsseldorf 260 m (850 ft) Rhine [S 54]
1959 – 1969 Severin Bridge [de] Germany Cologne 302 m (991 ft) Rhine [S 55]
1969 – 1971 Kniebrücke Germany Düsseldorf 319 m (1,047 ft) Rhine [S 56]
1971 – 1974 Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge [de] Germany Duisburg 350 m (1,150 ft) Rhine [S 57]
1974 – 1983 Saint-Nazaire Bridge France Saint-Nazaire 404 m (1,325 ft) Loire River [S 58]
1983 – 1986 Ingeniero Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge Spain León 440 m (1,440 ft) Barrios de Luna Reservoir [S 59]
1986 – 1991 Alex Fraser Bridge Canada Vancouver 465 m (1,526 ft) Fraser River [S 60]
1991 – 1993 Skarnsund Bridge Norway Inderøy 530 m (1,740 ft) Skarnsundet [S 35]
1993 – 1995 Yangpu Bridge China Shanghai 602 m (1,975 ft) Huangpu River [S 24]
1995 – 1999 Pont de Normandie France Le Havre 856 m (2,808 ft) Seine River [S 7]
1999 – 2008 Tatara Bridge Japan Imabari 890 m (2,920 ft) Inland Sea [S 6]
2008 – 2012 Sutong Bridge China Nantong - Changsu 1,088 m (3,570 ft) Yangtze River [S 3]
2012 – Russky Bridge Russia Vladivostok 1,104 m (3,622 ft) Eastern Bosphorus [S 1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Nicolas Janberg, Structurae.com, International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering
  1. ^ a b "Russky Bridge (Vladivostok, 2012)". structurae.net.
  2. ^ "Husutong Yangtze River Bridge (Nantong, 2020)". structurae.net.
  3. ^ a b "Sutong Bridge (Suzhou, 2008)". structurae.net.
  4. ^ "Stonecutters Bridge (Tsing Yi, 2009)". structurae.net.
  5. ^ "Edong Yangtze River Bridge (Huangshi, 2010)". structurae.net.
  6. ^ a b "Tatara Bridge (Ikuchi/Ohmishima, 1999)". structurae.net.
  7. ^ a b "Normandy Bridge (Le Havre/Honfleur, 1995)". structurae.net.
  8. ^ "Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge (Jiujiang, 2013)". structurae.net.
  9. ^ "Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge (Hubei/Hunan, 2010)". structurae.net.
  10. ^ "Incheon Bridge (Incheon, 2009)". structurae.net.
  11. ^ "Zolotoy Rog Bridge (Vladivostok, 2012)". structurae.net.
  12. ^ "Chongming North Bridge (Shanghai, 2009)". structurae.net.
  13. ^ "Duge Bridge (Liupanshui, 2016)". structurae.net.
  14. ^ "Minpu Bridge (Shanghai, 2010)". structurae.net.
  15. ^ "Queensferry Crossing (Queensferry/North Queensferry, 2017)". structurae.net.
  16. ^ "Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge (Nanjing, 2005)". structurae.net.
  17. ^ "Wangdong Bridge (Anhui, 2016)". structurae.net.
  18. ^ "Tongling Road-Rail Bridge (Tongling, 2015)". structurae.net.
  19. ^ "Second Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge (Nanjing, 2001)". structurae.net.
  20. ^ "Jintang Bridge (Ningbo/Zhoushan, 2009)". structurae.net.
  21. ^ "Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan, 2000)". structurae.net.
  22. ^ "Erqi Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan, 2011)". structurae.net.
  23. ^ "Qingzhou Minjiang Bridge (Fuzhou, 2002)". structurae.net.
  24. ^ a b "Yangpu Bridge (Shanghai, 1993)". structurae.net.
  25. ^ "Xupu Bridge (Shanghai, 1997)". structurae.net.
  26. ^ "Meiko-Chuo Bridge (Nagoya, 1998)". structurae.net.
  27. ^ "Taoyaomen Bridge (Zhoushan, 2003)". structurae.net.
  28. ^ "Anqing Yangtze River Rail Bridge (Anqing, 2015)". structurae.net.
  29. ^ "Huanggang Bridge (Hubei, 2014)". structurae.net.
  30. ^ "Rion-Antirion Bridge (Rion/Antirion, 2004)". structurae.net.
  31. ^ "中铁宝桥承建的青海海黄大桥合龙". Gcb.crec.cn (in Chinese). 11 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  32. ^ "Cuu Long Bridge (Cần Thơ, 2009)". structurae.net.
  33. ^ "Bukhang Bridge (Busan, 2014)". structurae.net.
  34. ^ "La Pepa Bridge (Cádiz, 2015)". structurae.net.
  35. ^ a b "Skarnsund Bridge (Inderøy, 1991)". structurae.net.
  36. ^ "Atlantic Bridge (Colón, 2019)". structurae.net.
  37. ^ "Baluarte Bridge (Durango/Sinaloa, 2012)". structurae.net.
  38. ^ "Huangyi Bridge (Luzhou, 2012)". structurae.net.
  39. ^ "Queshi Bridge (Shantou, 1999)". structurae.net.
  40. ^ "Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge (Yokohama, 1994)". structurae.net.
  41. ^ "Anqing Yangtze River Road Bridge (Anqing, 2004)". structurae.net.
  42. ^ "Tianxingzhou Bridge (Wuhan, 2009)". structurae.net.
  43. ^ "Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge (Jingzhou, 2002)". structurae.net.
  44. ^ "Kanchanaphisek Bridge (Bangkok, 2007)". structurae.net.
  45. ^ "Sungai Johor Bridge (Johor Bahru, 2011)". structurae.net.
  46. ^ "Newcastle Bridge (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1871)". structurae.net.
  47. ^ "Järnbron (Uppsala, 1848)". structurae.net.
  48. ^ "Bluff Dale Bridge (Bluff Dale, 1891)". structurae.net.
  49. ^ "Kaihihi Stream Bridge (Okato, 1914)". structurae.net.
  50. ^ "Tauranga Bridge (Opotiki, 1922)". structurae.net.
  51. ^ "Tempul Aqueduct (Jerez de la Frontera, 1926)". structurae.net.
  52. ^ "Donzère-Mondragon Bridge (Pierrelatte, 1952)". structurae.net.
  53. ^ "Strömsund Bridge (Strömsund, 1955)". structurae.net.
  54. ^ "Theodor Heuss Bridge (Düsseldorf-Golzheim/Düsseldorf-Niederkassel, 1957)". structurae.net.
  55. ^ "Severin Bridge (Cologne, 1959)". structurae.net.
  56. ^ "Rheinkniebrücke (Düsseldorf-Unterbilk/Düsseldorf-Oberkassel, 1969)". structurae.net.
  57. ^ "Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge (Duisburg, 1971)". structurae.net.
  58. ^ "Saint-Nazaire Bridge (Saint-Nazaire/Montoir-de-Bretagne, 1975)". structurae.net.
  59. ^ "Engineer Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge (Pobladura de Luna/Los Barrios de Luna, 1983)". structurae.net.
  60. ^ "Alex Fraser Bridge (Annacis, 1986)". structurae.net.
  • Others references
  1. ^ a b Zhang, Yezhi; Li, Quan; Zhang, Xiaolong (July 2016). Research on mechanical behavior of new type box girder-truss composite welded integral joints of Husutong Yangtze river rail-cum-road bridge (PDF) (in Chinese). Jrse.cn - Journal of Railway Science and Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  2. ^ "Shanghai-Nantong Yangtze River Bridge - Doka".
  3. ^ a b "嘉鱼长江公路大桥". Hubei.gov.cn (in Chinese). 29 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
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Further reading

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