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Kiowa County, Colorado

Coordinates: 38°26′N 102°44′W / 38.43°N 102.74°W / 38.43; -102.74
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Not to be confused with Kiowa, Colorado.

Kiowa County
County
Kiowa County Courthouse
Kiowa County Courthouse
Map of Colorado highlighting Kiowa County
Location within the U.S. state of Colorado
Map of the United States highlighting Colorado
Colorado's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°26′N 102°44′W / 38.43°N 102.74°W / 38.43; -102.74
Country United States
State Colorado
FoundedApril 11, 1889
Named forKiowa Nation
SeatEads
Largest townEads
Area
 • Total1,786 sq mi (4,630 km2)
 • Land1,768 sq mi (4,580 km2)
 • Water18 sq mi (50 km2)  1.0%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,446
 • Density0.8/sq mi (0.3/km2)
Time zoneUTC−7 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitewww.kiowacounty-colorado.com

Kiowa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,446,[1] making it the fifth-least populous county in Colorado. The county seat is Eads.[2] The county was named for the Kiowa Nation of Native Americans.[3]

History

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Sand Creek massacre

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Main article: Sand Creek massacre

On November 29, 1864, more than a decade before Colorado became a state and long before Kiowa County was formed, a massacre of Native Americans—a group of old men, women, and children—occurred on Sand Creek that initially was greeted as a victory in the Colorado War against hostile Indians; within months, Congressional inquiries revealed a different picture, and a national scandal erupted. It happened in what is now Kiowa County and is known as the Sand Creek Massacre.

Territorial Governor John Evans eventually lost his job for his part in setting up the incident, and Colonel John Chivington, commander of the U.S. forces, was castigated by the United States Congress, and the scandal followed him for the rest of his life. Evans would go on to make significant important contributions to the early Denver community, and while Chivington also made some, his reputation remained tainted, while Evans is still honored today.

The location was not positively identified until 1999, and in 2005, the National Park Service established the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site. Currently, the facilities include a small visitor center, two walking trails, signage, and monuments overlooking the massacre site.[4] The massacre site itself is off-limits to visitors.

Railroad and agriculture in the 1880s

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In the late 1880s, eastern Colorado attracted a lot of attention by farming interests that did not yet know that long-term agriculture was unsustainable in this arid landscape, and the railroads were snaking west across the plains towards the gold fields of the Rocky Mountains during the Colorado Gold Rush. The Missouri Pacific Railroad crossed into what would soon become Kiowa County, Colorado, from Kansas in 1887.

Kiowa County, 1898

Several small camps for railroad workers were established just over the border from Kansas, and beginning after the town of Sheridan Lake, new towns and camps were sequentially named, alphabetically, starting with "A" and proceeding westward along the railroad line.

Arden, Brandon, Chivington, Diston, Eads, Fergus, Galatea, Haswell, Inman, Joliet, and Kilburn appeared one after another, some developing into towns, others being only a pipe dream in the eyes of developers. Chivington was intended as a major watering stop for the railroad (a 60-room, $10,000 "crown jewel" hotel was initially built there), but the water was too alkaline to use and the trains instead stopped in Kansas to tank up. The hotel was soon torn down, its materials shipped to other Colorado locations to use in constructing other facilities—a common occurrence in late 19th century Colorado, as boom towns went bust.

Kiowa County was established in 1889, taking its name from the Kiowa Indians who lived in eastern Colorado before the Europeans arrived. Sheridan Lake was the county seat of Kiowa County and was not at first a stop on the railroad line; only after local citizens built a railroad depot and turned it over to the Missouri Pacific did the railroad build a telegraph station and make Sheridan Lake a stop. The county seat moved to rival Eads in 1902.

Kiowa County today

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Agriculture in eastern Colorado collapsed in the Dust Bowl days of the 1930s; today mostly dry-land farms and some ranching interests survive. Colorado's Front Range cities and agriculture interests upstream have acquired most of the water rights, and the groundwater aquifers are drying up. Kiowa County faces ever-decreasing water supplies and further economic decline.

It is conceivable that much of the county will eventually revert to its original sparse grassland and prairie conditions of the pre-1880s.

Today Eads, along the old railroad line, is the largest town in the county. It is the Kiowa county seat, serves the surviving farming and ranching interests, and hosts the county's largest high school. Sheridan Lake does have a combined junior-and-senior high, and still surviving in some form are the towns of Towner, Arlington, Brandon, Chivington, and Haswell.

Eads is also the location of the county's chief hospital, Weisbrod Memorial County Hospital.[5]

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,786 square miles (4,630 km2), of which 1,768 square miles (4,580 km2) is land and 18 square miles (47 km2) (1.0%) is water.[6]

Significant drainage basins in the county are Adobe Creek and Mustang Creek which drain the county's western part, Rush Creek and Big Sandy Creek in the central part and Wildhorse, Buffalo, and White Woman creeks in the eastern part. The draws tend to be intermittent, however Adobe, Rush and Big Sandy creeks have small continuous flows during wetter years. Each of these creeks ultimately drains to the Arkansas River.[7]

The Great Plains Reservoirs south of Eads and along both sides U.S. Highway 287 are a group of four larger reservoirs and several smaller ones that supply irrigation water to local farms and offer hunting, fishing and wildlife viewing in the Queens State Wildlife Area.[8]

Adjacent counties

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Major highways

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National protected area

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Bicycle route

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18901,243—
1900701−43.6%
19102,899313.6%
19203,75529.5%
19303,7860.8%
19402,793−26.2%
19503,0037.5%
19602,425−19.2%
19702,029−16.3%
19801,936−4.6%
19901,688−12.8%
20001,622−3.9%
20101,398−13.8%
20201,4463.4%
2023 (est.)1,384[9]−4.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2020[1]

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 1,622 people, 665 households, and 452 families residing in the county. The population density was 1 people per square mile (0.39 people/km2). There were 817 housing units at an average density of 0.457 units per square mile (0.176 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.12% White, 0.49% Black or African American, 1.11% Native American, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.42% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 3.14% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 665 households, out of which 28.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.60% were married couples living together, 6.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.00% were non-families. 29.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.90% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 24.70% from 25 to 44, 24.60% from 45 to 64, and 17.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,494, and the median income for a family was $35,536. Males had a median income of $26,136 versus $18,897 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,382. About 9.60% of families and 12.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.50% of those under age 18 and 13.80% of those age 65 or over.

Over six percent of the population were Quakers–one of the highest percentages in the country.[15]

Politics

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Kiowa is, like all of the High Plains, an overwhelmingly Republican county. The last Democrat to carry it was Lyndon Johnson in 1964, and since 1980, only Michael Dukakis in 1988 –during a major farm crisis brought upon by drought– has topped 30% of the county's vote for the Democratic Party. The past six Democratic candidates for president have not surpassed 22% of the county's vote, and both Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden barely reached ten percent.

United States presidential election results for Kiowa County, Colorado[16]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 795 88.04% 98 10.85% 10 1.11%
2016 728 85.15% 91 10.64% 36 4.21%
2012 677 82.46% 118 14.37% 26 3.17%
2008 650 76.29% 178 20.89% 24 2.82%
2004 712 79.82% 172 19.28% 8 0.90%
2000 728 75.21% 211 21.80% 29 3.00%
1996 549 61.96% 246 27.77% 91 10.27%
1992 472 45.83% 290 28.16% 268 26.02%
1988 645 61.25% 398 37.80% 10 0.95%
1984 850 75.22% 265 23.45% 15 1.33%
1980 754 65.06% 331 28.56% 74 6.38%
1976 598 52.59% 529 46.53% 10 0.88%
1972 849 67.92% 372 29.76% 29 2.32%
1968 689 56.29% 423 34.56% 112 9.15%
1964 579 45.23% 701 54.77% 0 0.00%
1960 865 63.42% 498 36.51% 1 0.07%
1956 810 64.64% 443 35.36% 0 0.00%
1952 1,047 70.84% 412 27.88% 19 1.29%
1948 758 52.97% 659 46.05% 14 0.98%
1944 970 64.75% 522 34.85% 6 0.40%
1940 986 61.86% 598 37.52% 10 0.63%
1936 772 44.57% 918 53.00% 42 2.42%
1932 769 39.08% 1,113 56.55% 86 4.37%
1928 1,024 67.59% 458 30.23% 33 2.18%
1924 805 47.49% 431 25.43% 459 27.08%
1920 864 59.63% 521 35.96% 64 4.42%
1916 723 39.57% 936 51.23% 168 9.20%
1912 273 18.32% 638 42.82% 579 38.86%
1908 474 51.97% 406 44.52% 32 3.51%
1904 180 56.60% 124 38.99% 14 4.40%
1900 151 50.84% 144 48.48% 2 0.67%
1896 133 45.86% 155 53.45% 2 0.69%
1892 151 53.55% 0 0.00% 131 46.45%

Communities

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Towns

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated places

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 176.
  4. ^ Sand Creek Massacre Site Pamphlet. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2017.
  5. ^ "Weisbrod Memorial County Hospital". Colorado Hospital Association. 2024. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  6. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  7. ^ Kiowa County Fact Book. http://www.kcedfonline.org/KCEDFKiowaCntyFactBook.pdf
  8. ^ "Queens State Wildlife Area" (PDF). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. August 28, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  9. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  10. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  11. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  12. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  13. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  15. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 22, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
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38°26′N 102°44′W / 38.43°N 102.74°W / 38.43; -102.74

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