List of Jewish American politicians
Appearance
(Redirected from List of Jewish American political figures)
This is a list of notable Jewish American politicians, arranged chronologically. For other Jewish Americans, see Lists of Jewish Americans.
Federal government
[edit]Members of Congress
[edit]Cabinet officials
[edit]State government
[edit]Governors
[edit]State | Portrait | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia | David Emanuel[1] | Democratic-Republican | March 3, 1801 | November 7, 1801 | Emanuel may not have been an openly practicing Jew. As an adult he became a Presbyterian, but modern historians accept he was Jewish.[2] | ||
Wisconsin | Edward Salomon[3] | Republican | April 19, 1862 | January 4, 1864 | |||
Washington | Edward Salomon[4][5] | Republican | March 4, 1870 | May 26, 1872 | |||
California | Washington Bartlett[6] | Democratic | January 8, 1887 | September 12, 1887 | California's first and only Jewish governor | ||
Idaho | Moses Alexander[1] | Democratic | January 4, 1915 | January 6, 1919 | Idaho's first and only Jewish governor | ||
Utah | Simon Bamberger[1] | Democratic | January 1, 1917 | January 1, 1921 | Utah's first and only Jewish governor | ||
New Mexico | Arthur Seligman[1] | Democratic | January 1, 1931 | September 25, 1933 | New Mexico's first Jewish governor | ||
Oregon | Julius Meier[1] | Independent | January 12, 1931 | January 14, 1935 | Oregon's first Jewish governor | ||
New York | Herbert Lehman[1] | Democratic | January 1, 1933 | December 3, 1942 | New York's first Jewish governor | ||
Florida | David Sholtz[7] | Democratic | January 3, 1933 | January 5, 1937 | |||
Illinois | Henry Horner[1] | Democratic | January 9, 1933 | October 6, 1940 | Illinois' first Jewish governor | ||
Wisconsin | Julius Heil[8] | Republican | January 2, 1939 | January 4, 1943 | |||
Alaska | Ernest Gruening[1] | Democratic | December 6, 1939 | April 10, 1953 | Alaska's first and only Jewish governor | ||
Connecticut | Abe Ribicoff[9] | Democratic | January 5, 1955 | January 21, 1961 | Connecticut's first and only Jewish governor | ||
Illinois | Samuel Shapiro[1] | Democratic | May 21, 1968 | January 13, 1969 | |||
Rhode Island | Frank Licht[1] | Democratic | January 7, 1969 | January 2, 1973 | Rhode Island's first Jewish governor | ||
Maryland | Marvin Mandel[1] | Democratic | January 7, 1969 | January 17, 1979 | Maryland's first and only Jewish governor *Blair Lee III served as Acting Governor from June 4, 1977, to January 15, 1979 | ||
Pennsylvania | Milton Shapp[1] | Democratic | January 19, 1971 | January 16, 1979 | Pennsylvania's first Jewish governor | ||
Vermont | Madeleine Kunin[1] | Democratic | January 10, 1985 | January 10, 1991 | |||
Oregon | Neil Goldschmidt[9] | Democratic | January 12, 1987 | January 14, 1991 | |||
Rhode Island | Bruce Sundlun[1] | Democratic | January 1, 1991 | January 3, 1995 | |||
Hawaii | Linda Lingle[10] | Republican | December 2, 2002 | December 6, 2010 | Hawaii's first Jewish governor | ||
Pennsylvania | Ed Rendell[11] | Democratic | January 21, 2003 | January 18, 2011 | |||
New York | Eliot Spitzer[12] | Democratic | January 1, 2007 | March 17, 2008 | |||
Delaware | Jack Markell[13] | Democratic | January 20, 2009 | January 17, 2017 | |||
Vermont | Peter Shumlin[14] | Democratic | January 6, 2011 | January 5, 2017 | |||
Missouri | Eric Greitens[15] | Republican | January 9, 2017 | June 1, 2018 | |||
Colorado | Jared Polis[16] | Democratic | January 8, 2019 | Incumbent | |||
Illinois | J. B. Pritzker[17] | Democratic | January 14, 2019 | Incumbent | |||
Hawaii | Josh Green | Democratic | December 5, 2022 | Incumbent | |||
Pennsylvania | Josh Shapiro | Democratic | January 17, 2023 | Incumbent |
Lieutenant governors
[edit]State | Portrait | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Louisiana | Henry Hyams[13] | Democratic | January 23, 1860 | January 25, 1864 | ||
New York | Herbert Lehman[1] | Democratic | January 1, 1929 | December 31, 1932 | ||
Illinois | Samuel Shapiro[1] | Democratic | January 9, 1961 | May 21, 1968 | ||
Vermont | Madeleine Kunin[1] | Democratic | January 10, 1979 | January 10, 1983 | ||
Missouri | Ken Rothman[18] | Democratic | January 12, 1981 | January 15, 1985 | ||
Rhode Island | Richard Licht[19] | Democratic | January 1, 1985 | January 1, 1989 | ||
Missouri | Harriett Woods[13] | Democratic | January 14, 1985 | January 9, 1989 | ||
Maryland | Melvin Steinberg[13] | Democratic | January 21, 1987 | January 18, 1995 | ||
Pennsylvania | Robert Jubelirer[20] | Republican | October 5, 2001 | January 21, 2003 | ||
Ohio | Lee Fisher[21] | Democratic | January 8, 2007 | January 10, 2011 | ||
Delaware | Matthew Denn[22] | Democratic | January 20, 2009 | January 6, 2015 | ||
New York | Richard Ravitch[23] | Democratic | July 9, 2009 | December 31, 2010 | ||
Louisiana | Jay Dardenne[24] | Republican | November 22, 2010 | January 11, 2016 | ||
Hawaii | Brian Schatz[25] | Democratic | December 6, 2010 | December 26, 2012 | ||
Connecticut | Nancy Wyman[26] | Democratic | January 5, 2011 | January 9, 2019 | ||
Kentucky | Jerry Abramson[27] | Democratic | December 13, 2011 | November 13, 2014 | ||
Florida | Carlos Lopez-Cantera[28] | Republican | February 3, 2014 | January 7, 2019 | ||
Vermont | David Zuckerman[29] | Vermont Progressive Party | January 5, 2017 | January 7, 2021 | ||
Hawaii | Josh Green[30] | Democratic | December 3, 2018 | December 5, 2022 | ||
Vermont | David Zuckerman | Vermont Progressive Party | January 5, 2023 | Incumbent |
State Attorneys General
[edit]State Secretaries of State
[edit]State | Portrait | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York | Samuel Koenig[13] | Republican | January 1, 1909 | December 31, 1910 | ||
New York | Mitchell May[13] | Democratic | January 1, 1913 | December 31, 1914 | ||
New York | Caroline Simon[53] | Republican | 1959 | 1963 | ||
Connecticut | Mildred Allen | Republican | January 3, 1955 | January 3, 1959 | ||
Florida | Richard Stone[13] | Democratic | January 5, 1971 | July 8, 1974 | ||
Florida | George Firestone[13] | Democratic | 1979 | 1989 | ||
Vermont | Deborah Markowitz[13] | Democratic | January 1999 | January 2011 | ||
Louisiana | Jay Dardenne[24] | Republican | November 10, 2006 | November 22, 2010 | ||
Missouri | Jason Kander[54] | Democratic | January 14, 2013 | January 9, 2017 | ||
Colorado | Jena Griswold[55] | Democratic | January 8, 2019 | Incumbent |
State Treasurers
[edit]State | Portrait | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey | David Naar | Democratic | 1865 | 1865 | ||
New Jersey | Katharine White[13] Acting |
Democratic | 1961 | 1961 | ||
Maine | Samuel Shapiro[13] | Democratic | 1981 | 1996 | ||
Rhode Island | Nancy Mayer[13] | Republican | 1993 | 1997 | ||
Delaware | Jack Markell[13] | Democratic | January 16, 1999 | January 20, 2009 | ||
Kentucky | Jonathan Miller[13] | Democratic | December 1999 | December 11, 2007 | ||
Massachusetts | Steve Grossman[56] | Democratic | January 17, 2011 | January 21, 2015 | ||
Ohio | Josh Mandel[57] | Republican | January 10, 2011 | January 14, 2019 | ||
Nevada | Dan Schwartz[58] | Republican | January 5, 2015 | January 7, 2019 | ||
Rhode Island | Seth Magaziner[59] | Democratic | January 6, 2015 | January 3, 2023 | ||
Massachusetts | Deb Goldberg[60] | Democratic | January 21, 2015 | Incumbent |
Other State Cabinet Positions
[edit]State | Portrait | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida | Nikki Fried[61] | Democratic | January 8, 2019 | January 3, 2023 |
Municipal government
[edit]Mayors of major cities
[edit]Current mayors of major cities
[edit]City | State | Portrait | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austin | Texas | Steve Adler[62] | Democratic | January 6, 2015 | Incumbent | ||
Burlington | Vermont | Miro Weinberger[63] | Democratic | April 2, 2012 | Incumbent | ||
Chattanooga | Tennessee | Andy Berke[64] | Democratic | April 15, 2013 | Incumbent | ||
Jersey City | New Jersey | Steven Fulop[65] | Democratic | July 1, 2013 | Incumbent | ||
Las Vegas | Nevada | Carolyn Goodman[66] | Independent | July 6, 2011 | Incumbent | ||
Oakland | California | Libby Schaaf | Democratic | January 5, 2015 | Incumbent | ||
Sacramento | California | Darrell Steinberg[67] | Democratic | December 13, 2016 | Incumbent | ||
San Antonio | Texas | Ron Nirenberg[68] | Independent | June 21, 2017 | Incumbent | ||
St. Petersburg | Florida | Rick Kriseman[68] | Democratic | January 2, 2014 | Incumbent | ||
Minneapolis | Minnesota | Jacob Frey[69] | Democratic | January 2, 2018 | Incumbent |
Former mayors of major cities
[edit]- Jerry Abramson (D-Louisville, KY: 1986–1999; 2003–2011)[27]
- Moses Alexander (D-Boise, ID: 1897–1899; 1901–1903)[1]
- Abe Aronovitz (R-Miami, FL: 1953–1955)[70]
- Harry Bacharach (R-Atlantic City, NJ: 1912; 1916–1920; 1930–1935)[71]
- Walt Bachrach (R-Cincinnati, OH: 1960–1967[72]
- Abraham Beame (D-New York, NY: 1974–1977)
- Martin Behrman (D-New Orleans, LA: 1904–1920; 1925–1926)[73]
- Richard Berkley (R-Kansas City, MO: 1979–1991)[74]
- Ethan Berkowitz (D-Anchorage, AK: 2015–2020)[75]
- Bruce Blakeman (R-First Presiding Officer of Nassau County, NY)
- Michael Bloomberg (D-New York, NY: 2002–2013)[76]
- David Cicilline (D-Providence, RI: 2003–2011)[77]
- Josh Cohen (D-Annapolis, MD: 2009–2013)[78]
- Larry Cohen (D-Saint Paul, MN: 1972–1976)[79]
- Norm Coleman (R-Saint Paul, MN: 1997–2002)[citation needed]
- Leopold David (Anchorage, AK: 1920–1923), first mayor of Anchorage[80]
- Rahm Emanuel (D-Chicago, IL: 2011–2019)[81]
- Mutt Evans (D-Durham, NC: 1951–1963)[82]
- Dianne Feinstein (D-San Francisco, CA: 1978–1988)[83]
- Bob Filner (D-San Diego, CA: 2012–2013)[84]
- Samuel Folz (D-Kalamazoo, MI: 1903)[85]
- Lois Frankel (D-West Palm Beach, FL: 2003–2011)[77]
- Sandra Freedman (D-Tampa, FL: 1986–1995)[86]
- Jeffrey Friedman (D-Austin, TX: 1975–1977)[87]
- Eva Galambos (R-Sandy Springs, GA: 2005–2014)[88]
- Eric Garcetti (D-Los Angeles, CA; 2013–2022)[89]
- Bailey Gatzert (I-Seattle, WA: 1875–1876)[90]
- Susan Golding (R-San Diego, CA: 1992–2000)[91]
- Neil Goldschmidt (D-Portland, OR: 1973–1979)[9]
- Stephen Goldsmith (R-Indianapolis, IN: 1992–2000)[92]
- Phil Gordon (D-Phoenix, AZ: 2004–2012)[93]
- Bill Gradison (R-Cincinnati, OH: 1971)[94]
- Robert Harris (D-Ann Arbor, MI: 1969–1973)[95]
- Adlene Harrison (D-Dallas, TX: 1976)[96]
- Max Heller (D-Greenville, SC: 1971–1979) [97]
- Julius Houseman (D-Grand Rapids, MI: 1872–1873; 1874–1875)[98]
- Vera Katz (D-Portland, OR: 1993–2005)[99]
- Ed Koch (D-New York, NY: 1978–1989)[100]
- Joseph Lazarow (R-Atlantic City, NJ: 1976–1982)[101]
- Oscar Leeser (D-El Paso, TX: 2013-2017, 2021-Present)[102]
- Henry Loeb (D-Memphis, TN: 1960–1963; 1968–1971),[103] later converted to Episcopalianism
- Zachariah J. Loussac (D-Anchorage, AK: 1948–1951)[104]
- Sophie Masloff (D-Pittsburgh, PA: 1988–1994)[105]
- Sam Massell (D-Atlanta, GA: 1970–1974)[106]
- Laura Miller (D-Dallas, TX: 2002–2007)[107]
- Arthur Naftalin (D-Minneapolis, MN: 1961–1969)[79]
- Meyera Oberndorf (D-Virginia Beach, VA: 1988–2009)[108]
- Ed Rendell (D-Philadelphia, PA: 1992 – 2000)[109]
- Jonathan Rothschild (D-Tucson, AZ: 2011–2019)[110]
- Kel Seliger (R-Amarillo, TX: 1993–2001)[111]
- Florence Shapiro (R-Plano, TX: 1990–1992)[112]
- Joseph Simon (R-Portland, OR: 1909–1911)[113]
- Paul Soglin (D-Madison, WI: 1973–1979; 1989–1997; 2011–2019)[114]
- Jerry Springer (D-Cincinnati, OH: 1977–1978)[115]
- Annette Strauss (D-Dallas, TX: 1987–1991)[116]
- Adolph Sutro (R-San Francisco, CA: 1895–1897)[117]
- Susan Weiner (R-Savannah, GA: 1992–1996)[118]
- Edward Zorinsky (R-Omaha, NE: 1973–1976)[119]
Other
[edit]- Daniel Ankeles, Member of the Maine House of Representatives[120]
- Lazarus Joseph (1891–1966), NY State Senator and New York City Comptroller
Presidential and vice presidential candidates
[edit]- Tonie Nathan was the vice presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party in 1972. She received one electoral vote for vice president (from a faithless elector that had pledged his vote for Republicans Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew), thus becoming the first Jew to receive an electoral vote for either president or vice president.[121]
- Arlen Specter ran for the Republican nomination in 1996, but dropped out before the Iowa caucuses. He later became a Democrat.[citation needed]
- Joe Lieberman was the Democratic nominee for vice president in 2000, receiving 266 electoral votes for vice president. Four years later, he ran for the Democratic presidential nomination for the 2004 election.[122][123][124] He became an Independent in 2006.
- Jill Stein was the Green Party nominee in 2012. She lost with 0.36% of the vote, or 470,000 votes. She ran in the 2016 Presidential Election, but lost with just over one percent.[citation needed]
- Bernie Sanders ran for president in 2016 as a Democrat. He became the first Jewish candidate to win a Democratic party primary with a victory in New Hampshire. He lost the nomination to Hillary Clinton.[125] He ran again in 2020. Sanders received one vote in the electoral college in 2016 from David Mulinix of Hawaii, thus making him the first Jew to receive a vote for president in the college. In addition to this, he received two invalidated votes from other voters in the electoral college.[126]
- Michael Bennet ran in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[127]
- Michael Bloomberg ran in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[128]
- Marianne Williamson, raised in a Jewish family, ran in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[129]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Louis Sandy Maisel (2001). Jews in American Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 465–. ISBN 978-0-7425-0181-2.
- ^ "David Emanuel (ca. 1744–1808)". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "1913: A Jewish Civil War Hero Dies". Haaretz. July 17, 2014.
- ^ "Edward S. Salomon: Jewish Territorial Governor of Washington – JMAW – Jewish Museum of the American West". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "GENERAL EDWARD S. SALOMON". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Library, California State. "Governors of California – Washington Bartlett". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Florida's Governor-elect of Jewish Parentage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. November 13, 1932. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
- ^ "Laud Milwaukee Jew for Effort in Settling 5-Day Utility Strike". Jewish Daily Bulletin. July 4, 1934. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- ^ a b c Louis Sandy Maisel (2001). Jews in American Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 445–. ISBN 978-0-7425-0181-2.
- ^ "Linda Lingle". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ admin (February 11, 2011). "Ex-governor Rendell ponders reconnecting to Jewish roots – j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Eliot Spitzer". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Louis Sandy Maisel (2001). Jews in American Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 467–. ISBN 978-0-7425-0181-2.
- ^ "SHUMLIN RETURNS: The VDB Sit-Down / Bio". Vermont Daily Briefing. 2007. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008.
- ^ "Who are America's Jewish senators and congressmen?". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Jared Polis elected first Jewish governor of Colorado". November 7, 2018.
- ^ "J.B. Pritzker, Illinois' incoming Jewish governor, opens up about his family's immigrant past". January 9, 2019.
- ^ "Kenneth Rothman and Harriett Woods: only Missouri Jews to serve as Lt. Governor". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ George M. Goodwin; Ellen Smith (2004). The Jews of Rhode Island. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-58465-424-7.
- ^ Hostein, Lisa (August 2, 2000). "To Jewish Republicans, It's Not About Social Issues – JTA". Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ "What Is Lee Fisher's Religion?". Politics Daily. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- ^ a b "That Was The Jewish Year That Was: 2012 – University Synagogue". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Who's Who In The East – 1993–1994 (24 ed.). Marquis Who's Who. 1992.
- ^ a b "State Republican Officials to Watch in 2013". Governing.com. 2010. Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
- ^ "Hawaii's Jewish lieutenant governor chosen for US Senate seat". The Times of Israel. December 27, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- ^ "2010 "Jewish Movers & Shakers" Announced". Hartford Courant. 2013.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gov. Abramson says he won't seek Kentucky governor's office in 2015". Lexington Herald-Leader. August 6, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- ^ "Meet Carlos Lopez-Cantera: Florida's First Jewish Governor (for Five Days) – JNS". JNS. November 19, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- ^ "Vermont state senator whose grandfather died in Holocaust wins congressional primary". August 10, 2022.
- ^ Klug, Lisa (July 20, 2016). "A small island of Judaism in Hawaiian politics". Times of Israel.
- ^ "Simon W. Rosendale". Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
American lawyer; born at Albany, N. Y., June 23, 1842; graduated from Barre Academy, Vermont. He was admittedto the bar in 1863, and shortly thereafter became assistant district attorney of Albany county. In 1868 he was elected recorder of Albany, which judicial position he held for four years. ...
- ^ "Jewish Senators in the United States". Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ "Directory of Jewish organizations, at AJC archives" (PDF).
- ^ "Marshall Rebukes 'nation' for Asserting Ottinger Was Sop to Jewish Voters". October 28, 1928. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
- ^ "Wilentz, Father Of Chief Justice And Lindbergh Prosecutor, Dead At 93". AP. July 6, 1988. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ "Reflections on our Predecessors: Some Judges and Lawyers Who Helped Make the Delaware Bar and Bench What it is Today" (PDF).
- ^ Larry Tye (September 2002). Home Lands: Portraits of the New Jewish Diaspora. Picador. pp. 118–. ISBN 978-0-8050-6591-6.
- ^ "No Jews on AG Ballot". The Jewish Week. August 28, 2018.
- ^ Deborah Poritz at Jewish Women's Archive
- ^ New Jersey Jewish News: "Jewish figures on all sides of ‘Bridgegate’ – Christie friends, foes include a schoolmate, attorney, and mayor" by Robert Wiener] January 29, 2014
- ^ Lipowsky, Josh (June 8, 2007). "We're Very Proud of our Hometown Boy". Jewish Standard. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ Kampeas, Ron (February 11, 2008). "Jewish Politicians in Maryland Speak Out for Obama". JTA.
- ^ "The Napoleon in the Napoleonic Code: Jeff Landry, Louisiana's Attorney General. Chapter 1". January 6, 2017.
- ^ Times of Israel: "NY state attorney says he was target of anti-Semitic Trump supporters" August 27, 2016.
- ^ Schlanger, Kevin (November 27, 2013). "Tom Horn Visits Yeshiva High School". JewishAZ. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ "Best Jewish Atlanta Current Elected Official". Atlanta Jewish Times. June 23, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ Pein, Corey (February 28, 2017). "AG Ellen Rosenblum 'Confused,' 'Shocked' By Trump Comments On Anti-Jewish Threats". Willamette Week.
- ^ Motkina, Alyona (October 30, 2014). "For Maryland, Brown and Frosh". Baltimore Jewish Times. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ "A Conversation with NC Senator Josh Stein – Kol Haskalah". November 11, 2013.
- ^ jcohen (January 20, 2016). "Josh Shapiro Ready for Next Phase of Career – Jewish Exponent".
- ^ Dolsten, Josefin (February 22, 2019). "How Judaism Inspires the First Openly Gay Politician in Michigan State Office". The Times of Israel.
- ^ Paul, Jesse (May 30, 2018). "Five Things to Know about Phil Weiser, One of Two Democratic Candidates for Colorado Attorney General". The Denver Post.
- ^ "Caroline Klein Simon | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org.
- ^ Fleisher, Gabe (October 13, 2016). "Senate candidate influenced by Jewish upbringing". St. Louis Jewish Light.
- ^ Lubitz, Rachel (June 21, 2014). "On Love: Jena Griswold and Mohamed Enab". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ "AIPACs Steve Grossman takes Democratic Party post – J Weekly". January 17, 1997. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ "Mandel speech before Republican Jewish Coalition", YouTube. July 3, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
- ^ "Congratulations to the Jewish Republican Winners of 2014!". Republican Jewish Coalition.
- ^ Kampeas, Ron (October 27, 2022). "Meet 10 Jewish candidates who could be elected to Congress for the first time this fall". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ Schoenberg, Shira (January 21, 2015). "State Treasurer Deborah Goldberg pledges to grow rainy day fund, upgrade lottery as she takes office". masslive.
- ^ "As Florida's only Jewish statewide-elected official...", Twitter. April 8, 2021.
- ^ Shaar, Julie (January 1, 2015). "Austin Elects New Mayor with Strong Ties to Jewish Community". Archived from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Seven Days – Vermont's Independent Voice". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Alison Lebovitz On Chattanooga's New Jewish Mayor; Israeli Drs Help Treat Bombing Suspect". Birmingham Jewish Federation. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
- ^ "Jersey City Boy". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Double Down – Tablet Magazine – Jewish News and Politics, Jewish Arts and Culture, Jewish Life and Religion". April 5, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Sacramento's new mayor Darrell Steinberg rooted in Jewish values, January 11, 2017". The Jewish News of Northern California. January 11, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ a b "Jewish mayor 'bars' Trump from St. Petersburg". The Times of Israel. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "No martinis here: An alligator lunch with Minneapolis Council Member Jacob Frey". Star Tribune.
- ^ templatemo (December 12, 2012). "ARCHIVES OF ABE ARONOVITZ, FORMER MIAMI MAYOR, TO BE PRESERVED – Aronovitz Law". Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Harry Bacharach to Become Mayor of Atlantic City". July 8, 1930. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "The Political Graveyard: Jewish Politicians in Arizona". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Widmer, Mary Lou (January 1, 2007). New Orleans, 1900 to 1920. Pelican Publishing. ISBN 9781589804012. Retrieved December 16, 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ "The Milwaukee Sentinel – Google News Archive Search".
- ^ ww.adn.com/article/20150701/berkowitz-sworn-anchorage-mayor-downtown-ceremony
- ^ "Michael Bloomberg". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- ^ a b J.J. Goldberg (November 4, 2010). "Rite of Returns: Jews Who Ran for Congress — Winners & Losers". The Jewish Daily Forward. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ^ "Former Annapolis Mayor Josh Cohen Takes New State Post". December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ a b "Minnesota Jewish History". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "The Political Graveyard: Jewish Politicians in Alaska". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Steve Hendrix (August 22, 2006). "Fighting for the Spoils Lawmaker and Rainmaker Rahm Emanuel Wants a Nov. 7 Victory for the Democrats So Bad He Can Almost Taste It. If Only He Had Time to Eat". Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
- ^ "And Justice for All – Emanuel J. "Mutt" Evans, First Jewish Mayor, 1951–1963". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Slater, Elinor; Slater, Robert (1994). Great Jewish Women. Middle Village, New York: Jonathan David Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8246-0370-0. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2016. (The Pale of Settlement policy restricted Jews to living in specifically designated parts of Czarist Russia. They were excluded from living in the main Russian cities.)
- ^ "New Jewish Mayor of San Diego Has Dubious Record on Israel". Los Angeles Times. November 9, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "The Political Graveyard: Jewish Politicians in Michigan". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Northoftampa: Group stays true to women and health". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Jeffrey Mark Friedman's Obituary on Austin American-Statesman". Legacy.com. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Eva Galambos, Jewish Mother to an Entire City – AJT". April 21, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "The Fix". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Bailey Gatzert is elected mayor of Seattle on August 2, 1875 – HistoryLink.org". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ R. Lamb, John. "'Oy!' said the goy". San Diego City Beat. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ^ "The Jewish Week on Zionist Influence in Bush's New Administration – Radio Islam". Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Phoenix Mayor Challenges Popular Sheriff's Anti-Immigration Tactics". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Stone, Kurt F. "The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members, (2011). Pages 310–312. ISBN 9780810857315.
- ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Harris, O to R". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Adlene Harrison becomes first Jewish female big-city mayor – Jewish Women's Archive". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Oral history interview with Max Heller". Retrieved April 8, 2024.
- ^ "Julius Houseman". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ "Secret history of Jewish Portland revealed". April 25, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Ed Koch, Fiercely Secular Jew, Takes Unique New York Style to Grave".
- ^ "Archives – Philly.com". Retrieved December 16, 2016.[dead link]
- ^ "Leeser family patriarch passes away". KTSM 9 News. January 9, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
- ^ "Out of Context: A New York Jew in the New South – VQR Online". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Zachariah J. Loussac
- ^ Belsie, Laurent (May 9, 1988). "Pittsburgh's first woman mayor fills in during transition". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Sam H. Massell, Jr., 41-year-old Jew, is Elected Mayor of Atlanta". October 23, 1969. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Frost, Martin (October 30, 2007). "Romney Falling Victim to Voters' Religious Discrimination". Fox News. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Andy Fox (March 13, 2015). "Former VB Mayor Meyera Oberndorf dies at age 74". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "What Ed Rendell and other prominent Jewish politicians do on Christmas Day - Billy Penn". December 22, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
- ^ "Tucson Mayor Jonathan Rothschild: Tikkun olam drives him to lead – Arizona Jewish Life". March 26, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "News – amarillo.com". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "The chosen people – Politics – Dallas News". May 12, 2008. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Joseph Simon, Pioneer Jewish Lawyer, State Senator, and U.S. Senator from the State of Oregon – JMAW – Jewish Museum of the American West". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ Mosiman, Dean. "Paul Soglin wants to continue work on finances, poverty and equity". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Jerry Springer: 'I was a poor refugee' | The Jewish Chronicle". Archived from the original on June 20, 2011.
- ^ "Annette Greenfield Strauss becomes first elected female mayor of Dallas – Jewish Women's Archive". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ www.darriendesign.com, Site design and illustration by. "Encyclopedia of San Francisco". Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Susan Weiner, first female mayor of Savannah, dies at 66". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Edward Zorinsky". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ "Dan Ankeles". Ballotpedia. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
- ^ Elvin, John (September 28, 2000). "Whatever Happened to ...(Tonie Nathan)". Insight on the News. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
- ^ Goodstein, Laurie (August 18, 2000). "DEMOCRATS: THE OBSERVANCES; Lieberman Balances Private Faith With Life in the Public Eye". The New York Times.
- ^ Scott, Janny (November 3, 2006). "Failed '04 Presidential Run Hardened Lieberman's Independent Ways". The New York Times.
- ^ "The Electoral College | National Archives".
- ^ Guttman, Nathan (February 10, 2016). "After Bernie Sanders Landslide in New Hampshire, Team Hillary Plans Fightback on Israel". The Forward. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
- ^ "Which candidates did the seven "faithless" electors support?". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
- ^ Merica, Dan. "Sen. Michael Bennet announces a 2020 presidential run". CNN. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ Burns, Alexander (November 24, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg Joins 2020 Democratic Field for President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica. "Author seeking Dem presidential nod calls for 'moral and spiritual awakening' in US". CNN.