LiveScript (programming language)
 |
| Paradigm | multi-paradigm, functional, object-oriented |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Jeremy Ashkenas, Satoshi Murakami, George Zahariev |
| Developer | Jeremy Ashkenas, Satoshi Murakami, George Zahariev |
| First appeared | 2011 |
| Stable release | LiveScript 1.6.1
/ 14 July 2020[1] |
| Typing discipline | dynamic, weak |
| OS | Cross-platform |
| License | MIT |
| Filename extensions | .ls |
| Website | livescript |
| Influenced by | |
| JavaScript, Haskell, CoffeeScript, F# | |
LiveScript is a functional programming language that transpiles to JavaScript. It was created by Jeremy Ashkenas—the creator of CoffeeScript—along with Satoshi Muramaki, George Zahariev, and many others.[2] (The name may be an homage to the beta name of JavaScript; for a few months in 1995, it was called LiveScript before the official release.[3])
Syntax
[edit]LiveScript is an indirect descendant of CoffeeScript.[4] The following "Hello, World!" program is written in LiveScript, but is also compatible with Coffeescript:
hello = ->
console.log 'hello, world!'
While calling a function can be done with empty parens, hello(), LiveScript treats the exclamation mark as a single-character shorthand for function calls with zero arguments: hello!
LiveScript introduces a number of other incompatible idioms:
Name mangling
[edit]At compile time, the LiveScript parser implicitly converts kebab case (dashed variables and function names) to camel case.
hello-world = ->
console.log 'Hello, World!'
With this definition, both the following calls are valid. However, calling using the same dashed syntax is recommended.
hello-world!
helloWorld!
This does not preclude developers from using camel case explicitly or using snake case. Dashed naming is however, common in idiomatic LiveScript[5]
Pipes
[edit]Like a number of other functional programming languages such as F# and Elixir, LiveScript supports the pipe operator, |> which passes the result of the expression on the left of the operator as an argument to the expression on the right of it. Note that in F# the argument passed is the last argument, while in Elixir it is the first.
"hello!" |> capitalize |> console.log
# > Hello!
Operators as functions
[edit]When parenthesized, operators such as not or + can be included in pipelines or called as if they were functions.
111 |> (+) 222
# > 333
(+) 1 2
# > 3
References
[edit]- ^ "LiveScript Releases". GitHub. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ "LiveScript contributors page". GitHub. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ "Chapter 4. How JavaScript Was Created". speakingjs.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
- ^ "LiveScript - a language which compiles to JavaScript".
- ^ "prelude.ls - a functionally oriented utility library in LiveScript".
