Marie of Anjou
| Marie of Anjou | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Queen consort of France | |
| Tenure | 18 December 1422 – 22 July 1461 |
| Born | 14 October 1404 Angers |
| Died | 29 November 1463 (aged 59) Abbaye de Chateliers-en-Poitou |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Issue more... | |
| House | Valois-Anjou |
| Father | Louis II of Anjou |
| Mother | Yolande of Aragon |
Marie of Anjou (14 October 1404 – 29 November 1463) was Queen of France as the spouse of King Charles VII from 1422 to 1461. She served as regent and presided over the council of state several times during the absence of the king.[1]
Life
[edit]Marie was the eldest daughter of Louis II of Anjou, claimant to the throne of Naples, and Yolande of Aragon, claimant to the throne of Aragon.[2]
Marie was betrothed to her second cousin Charles, son and heir apparent of Charles VI of France, in 1413.[2] When a Burgundian force took Paris in 1418, Charles left her stranded, but she was taken by John the Fearless to Saumur to be reunited with him. However, Charles failed to arrive for the agreed rendezvous.[3]
The wedding took place on 18 December 1422 at Bourges.[4] The marriage made Marie Queen of France, but she was never crowned.[5] Her spouse's victory in the Hundred Years' War owed a great deal to the support he received from Marie's family, notably from her mother Yolande of Aragon.
Queen
[edit]Queen Marie presided over the council of state several times in the absence of the king, during which she had power of attorney as regent and signed acts in the position of "lieutenant of the king" (April 1434).[1] She made several pilgrimages, such as Puy with the king in 1424, and Mount St Michel by herself in 1447.
Marie and Charles had fourteen children, but her spouse's affection was primarily directed towards his mistress, Agnès Sorel, originally Marie's lady in waiting, who became official mistress to the king in 1444 and played a dominant role at court until her death in 1450, somewhat eclipsing the queen.[6]
Robert Blondel composed the allegorical Treatise of the "Twelve Perils of Hell" for Queen Marie in 1455.
Queen dowager
[edit]In 1461, Charles VII died and was succeeded by their son Louis XI, making Marie queen dowager. She was granted the Chateau of Amboise and the income from Brabant by her son.
During the winter of 1462–63, Marie of Anjou made a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. It has been speculated that she had a mission in Spain as secret ambassador for her son, due to the political situation at the time and the fact that she made the pilgrimage during winter time, when the roads were so bad that such trips were normally avoided if possible.
She died at the age of 59 on 29 November 1463 at the Cistercian Abbaye de Chateliers-en-Poitou (now in Nouvelle-Aquitaine region) on her return. She is buried in the basilica of Saint-Denis alongside her spouse.
Issue
[edit]Marie and Charles had:
- Louis XI of France (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483),[7] married firstly, Margaret of Scotland, no issue. Married secondly, Charlotte of Savoy, had issue.
- John (d. 19 September 1426)
- Radegonde (1425[8] or August 1428[9] – 19 March 1445), betrothed to Sigismund, Archduke of Austria on 22 July 1430[10]
- Catherine (1428 – 13 July 1446), married Charles the Bold, no issue[10]
- James (1432 – 2 March 1437)
- Yolande (23 September 1434 – 23/29 August 1478), married Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy, had issue[10]
- Joan (4 May 1435 – 4 May 1482), married John II, Duke of Bourbon[11]
- Philip (4 February 1436 – 11 June 1436)
- Margaret (May 1437 – 24 July 1438)
- Joan (7 September 1438 – 26 December 1446), twin of Marie
- Mary (7 September 1438 – 14 February 1439), twin of Joan
- Isabella (d. 1441)
- Magdalena (1 December 1443 – 21 January 1495),[10] married Gaston of Foix, Prince of Viana,[12] had issue.
- Charles (12 December 1446 – 24 May 1472)[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gaude-Ferragu 2016, p. 205.
- ^ a b Green 2014, p. 190.
- ^ Sumption 2015, p. 593.
- ^ Ashdown-Hill 2016, p. xxiv.
- ^ Gaude-Ferragu 2016, p. 51.
- ^ Gaude-Ferragu 2016, p. 34.
- ^ Anne of France 2004, p. 3.
- ^ Debris 2005, p. 361.
- ^ Beaucourt, Gaston du Fresne de (1882). Histoire de Charles VII. Vol. II : Le roi de Bourges, 1422-1435 (in French). Paris: Librairie de la Société bibliographique. p. 187..
- ^ a b c d Wolffe 1981, p. 170.
- ^ a b Morrison & Hedeman 2010, p. 5.
- ^ Ward, Prothero & Leathes 1934, table 22.
Sources
[edit]- Anne of France (2004). Jansen, Sharon L. (ed.). Anne of France : Lessons for My Daughter. D.S. Brewer.
- Ashdown-Hill, John (2016). The Private Life of Edward IV. Amberley Publishing.
- Debris, Cyrille (2005). "Tu Felix Austria, nube" la dynastie de Habsbourg et sa politique matrimoniale à la fin du Moyen Age (XIIIe-XVIe siècles) (in French). Brepols.
- Gaude-Ferragu, Murielle (2016). Queenship in Medieval France, 1300-1500. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Green, David (2014). The Hundred Years War: A People's History. Yale University Press.
- Sumption, Jonathan (2015). The Hundred Years War. Vol. 4: Cursed Kings. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4799-2.
- Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1934). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. XIII. Cambridge University Press.
- Wolffe, Bertram (1981). Henry VI. Yale University Press.
- Morrison, Elizabeth; Hedeman, Anne D., eds. (2010). Imagining the Past in France: History in Manuscript Painting, 1250-1500. J. Paul Getty Museum.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1404 births
- 1463 deaths
- Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
- Armagnac faction
- Queens consort of France
- Dauphines of Viennois
- House of Valois-Anjou
- 15th-century French women
- People from Angers
- 15th-century French nobility
- 15th-century women regents
- 15th-century regents
- People of Byzantine descent
- French queen mothers