Talk:Prime (symbol)

′ ″ ‴ ⁗
′ ″ ‴ ⁗
Prime symbols
In Unicode	U+2032 ′ PRIME (′) ; U+2033 ″ DOUBLE PRIME (″) ; U+2034 ‴ TRIPLE PRIME (‴); U+2057 ⁗ QUADRUPLE PRIME (&qprime;)
Different from
Different from	U+0027 ' APOSTROPHE; U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE; U+2018 ‘ LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK; U+2019 ’ RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK; U+00B4 ´ ACUTE ACCENT; U+0060 ` GRAVE ACCENT; U+059C ֜ HEBREW ACCENT GERESH; U+0022 " QUOTATION MARK; U+201C “ LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK; U+201D ” RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK; U+3003 〃 DITTO MARK (CJK character); U+02EE ˮ MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE;

Minutes, seconds, feet, inches

According to the unicode names list,

0022    QUOTATION MARK
        * neutral (vertical), used as opening or closing quotation mark
        * preferred characters in English for paired quotation marks are 201C & 201D
        x (modifier letter double prime - 02BA)
        x (combining double acute accent - 030B)
        x (combining double vertical line above - 030E)
        x (double prime - 2033)
        x (ditto mark - 3003)

0027    APOSTROPHE
        = APOSTROPHE-QUOTE
        = APL quote
        * neutral (vertical) glyph with mixed usage
        * 2019 is preferred for apostrophe
        * preferred characters in English for paired quotation marks are 2018 & 2019
        x (modifier letter prime - 02B9)
        x (modifier letter apostrophe - 02BC)
        x (modifier letter vertical line - 02C8)
        x (combining acute accent - 0301)

And

2032    PRIME
        = minutes, feet

2033    DOUBLE PRIME
        = seconds, inches

The difference is that ' and " are vertical, while ′ and ″ are slanted slightly (which is how I've always seen inches and feet anyway). --Elektron 09:27, 2004 Jun 14 (UTC)

I removed the statement that a single prime is used to denote minutes of time and the double prime to denote seconds of time. Unless a solid reference can be provided that notation should be discouraged as the existing "s" and "min" for seconds and minutes is in widespread use.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.113.29.12 (talk) 19:03, 13 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

I disagree with the removal, including edit 873546859 and 873603905. There is clearly some usage to denote time; see Is double prime (″) the correct symbol to use for specifying inches? and English notation for hour, minutes and seconds on Stack Exchange. We can mention the deprecation, but removing it altogether is confusing. --Franklin Yu (talk) 18:38, 16 May 2019 (UTC)[reply]

"dash"

I once worked with a guy from North England who always called the prime a "dash". I never asked him about it, though. Is such usage widespread enough to merit a mention here? 130.188.8.9 14:43, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

After being taught in an 'international' (read: Englishy) school in Hong Kong, and being in a UK uni, I can assure you that "dash" is common British usage (with people saying dash more than prime). I'm sure I hear "f dashed", too. But a dash most certainly looks more like "-" (and I've never heard of an "em-hyphen"), so I don't know where the usage comes from. For the record, I like to slant my primes a lot, so it's more obvious (otherwise it looks like a 1 or a single quote). Feel free to add it, though (if anyone can figure out where the usage comes from, that would be good too). The closest dictionary definition is "A quick stroke, as with a pencil or brush.", which is pretty vague. And "double-prime" sounds a lot better than "double-dash".
--Elektron 18:28, 2004 Nov 1 (UTC)
I removed most of this sent:

The name "prime" is most common in mathematics, though the symbol is also called "dash" in the United Kingdom, India and Japan.

for terminal ambiguity. What is the relationship between math and those three countries and dash? Is it called dash only in the contexts involving math within those countries? Is it usually called dash outside of math, and always in those countries? The previous discussion in this section offers no clue either.
--Jerzy•t 19:00, 2 July 2008 (UTC)[reply]

In Japan, some people call this symbol 'dash', while some highly educated people call it 'prime'. This is not only in the context of mathematics. I don't know well about UK and India though.--原子力の熊 (talk) 04:18, 9 September 2009 (UTC)[reply]
I am a native English speaker, and have always understood a dash to be a relatively small, quickly applied mark (in any direction) with a pen or bush. I would almost certainly say that this is why the prime is often pronounced dash. If the use of the name prime is a metonymy, then at one point in time, when writing, it would be correct to say you had written a dash and incorrect to say you had written a prime. It is definitely common to pronounce $f' (x)$ as f dash x in Australian universities. I pronounce it this way when referring to derivatives, but in other contexts I would probably call it prime or whatever I think the most common pronunciation is, for example minutes and seconds as opposed to prime and double prime. 60.242.19.128 (talk) 02:37, 23 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]

History of "prime" symbol

As per Quiddities, W. V. Quine. -- Dominus 19:33, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The usage Quine was complaining about is much older than this section claims. The OED (s.v. prime sb. 2, sense I.2.d) gives examples of the word prime used as the name of the symbol from as early as 1875. ("1875 Knight Dict. Mech., Prime, (Printing) a mark over a reference letter (a′, b′, etc.) to distinguish it from letters (a, b, etc.) not so marked.") --81.206.21.160 (talk) 20:23, 16 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Symbols for feet/inches measurement

So I should be using prime and double prime for linear measurement? Very confusing. I'm used to using ' & " (but not ” & ’). --Navstar 04:29, 6 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]

vs. Quotation marks

Everywhere I go I see companies (and even highway signs) using quotation marks (’ and ”) instead of prime marks. It's really nauseating. —155.33.61.98 04:30, 31 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Triple prime for ligne

I have added a note that triple-prime is used in watchmaking to represent the ligne unit, based largely on its use as such in ETA's site. Sharkford 19:44, 19 February 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Displaying the Prime correctly in web browsers

I'm currently involved in a discussion here regarding the use of ′ and ″ which should display the prime and double prime symbols. However in Firefox (and probably IE) they display and look like regular straight apostophes. Is there a way around this? —MDCollins (talk) 00:30, 17 February 2009 (UTC)[reply]

There's also the related question of the subprime symbol, which is used in Helmholtz pitch notation. It has been variously rendered in different articles, most commonly as I which produces _I and is a worry frankly. And it appears to have no presence whatsoever on the WWW, at least not by that name. I'm tempted to suggest that we shouldn't use it, but that would mean coming up with an alternative. Andrewa (talk) 08:36, 17 February 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Redirection

Prime redirects to Prime number, I think it should redirect here. Who’s with me? Jikybebna (talk) 16:42, 7 March 2011 (UTC) Reason: This article is called "Prime (other-word)" while the other article is called "Prime other-word". To me, the one with the clarification in parenthesis is more named "Prime" already. Personally, I’ve encountered these and these way more often than I’ve encountered the word "Prime" referring to a prime number. We were saying "F prime" this and "A prime" that. Jikybebna (talk) 16:57, 13 March 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Oppose. In common usage term a prime is almost unambiguosly refers to a prime number. cherkash (talk) 01:34, 11 March 2011 (UTC)[reply]

My thinking is that in the phrase "prime number", "number" is [head (linguistics)|head] even though it's often elided. While in the phrase "prime" (as in prime symbol), "prime" is head. Prime is adjectival when it refers to prime numbers and the phrase "a prime" to refer to them seems like something that's specific to the mathematical field. Jikybebna (talk) 16:46, 28 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Rendered tiny

Why do standard fonts on my computer (which happens to run Ubuntu Linux 13.04, but it's not much better under Windows 7) render the Unicode prime and double prime so tiny? They are much smaller than the ASCII apostrophe. The LaTeX version is long and beautiful, similar to classic typography. Is there a historic background to this? --LA2 (talk) 14:37, 4 August 2013 (UTC)[reply]

times feet & inches

The triple prime was used in the result of multiplying feet & inches by feet & inches to get an area. 1st feet & inches by 2nd feet + 2nd feet & inches by 1st feet &c. gives 3 N° marked single, double & triple prime. 86.144.106.83 (talk) 10:41, 1 May 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Combining prime ◌ - article gives no explanation

What is the combining prime? ··gracefool 💬 01:18, 9 September 2016 (UTC)[reply]

higher precision

in math for steps higher than tierce, roman numerals is used not quadruple primes etc. example:
24′16″53‴27^iv39^v48^vi32^vii ...
Tabascofernandez (talk) 03:45, 12 September 2017 (UTC)[reply]

‴ and ⁗

I can find no support that these should work - and, for me at least, they don't. Therefore I'm removing them from the table. Please feel free to replace if I'm wrong. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 22:36, 22 November 2017 (UTC).[reply]

User:Andrewa commented on similar above regarding web display of these characters. The edit referred to by User:Rich Farmbrough appears to have been reverted at some point. On the computer I'm currently using (PC, Win7), Chrome displays single, double, and triple prime fine but shows a ~~box~~ (edit: .notdef glyph) for quad. Firefox displays all four but appears to use a different typeface for quad, so it looks out of place. If these issues are common to others I would suggest that the infobox should use an image rather than relying on unicode display so that all users can see what each one should look like. Retswerb (talk) 04:34, 17 May 2020 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not seeing these html entities as characters - yes the unicode items work, and the numeric representations ‴ as ‴.

But ′, ″, ‴ and ⁗ renders as "′, ″, ‴ and ⁗", on both Chrome and Firefox. Both are documented now. Strangely the characters display fine on W3Scools tprime and qprime.

The code is:

‴
I will display ‴
I will display ‴
I will display ‴

which renders here as: ‴

I will display ‴

All the best: Rich Farmbrough (the apparently calm and reasonable) 15:50, 17 May 2020 (UTC).[reply]

Since the entities are documented (and even work, just not here), I will replace them in the article. I'll see if anyone on ref desk can explain what's happening. All the best: Rich Farmbrough (the apparently calm and reasonable) 15:52, 17 May 2020 (UTC).[reply]

Done All the best: Rich Farmbrough (the apparently calm and reasonable) 17:32, 17 May 2020 (UTC).[reply]

Too much lead space taken up by what it is not rather than what it is

It strikes me that the article is off-putting to readers uninterested in the niceties of typesetting by bogging down the lead in a list of glyphs that should not be used, for reasons invisible to the naked eye out of context. So I propose two changes:

Park the technical details in template:infobox symbol (as shown here right), which would replace the current template:infobox punctuation mark. With all this stuff in it, it is rather long but I don't see any issue with it interfering with thumbnails further down the page (there are none).
Delete (or relocate) the current second paragraph of the lead (beginning "Although similar in appearance,...") and replace with something like this: There are a number of other glyphs that are very similar to the prime symbols and while two (the ASCII apostrophe and quotation mark) are often used informally, it is important to select these correct glyphs in material for publication.

Comments? --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 16:26, 2 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

I think that the huge infobox, which would extend into the following section, would be even more off-putting.

Neither typographically sophisticated readers nor unsophisticated ones are going to confuse the prime with the CJK ditto mark or the grave accent — the first group knows better and the second hasn't heard of these symbols. I suggest keeping the infobox as is and eliminating reference to such relatively obscure symbols, replacing the paragraph by:

Although similar in appearance, the prime symbol should not be confused with the apostrophe or the single or double quotation mark, similar-appearing symbols with different meanings.

Probably keep the footnote, putting it at the end. I don't see that anything is achieved by exhibiting the similar symbols, and anyone interested in their code points or HTML entities can find the information in the relevant articles. Using the infobox to provide this information for the prime symbols themselves is redundant, as the information is in the "Computer encodings" section.

Peter Brown (talk) 19:29, 2 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, I like your version. Although getting there the hard way, that to me would be a very satisfactory outcome and I would be happy to withdraw my proposal. Please go ahead. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 00:41, 3 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Okay! I'm changing the wording a bit so as not to repeat the term "similar" or the root "appear". — Peter Brown (talk) 02:15, 3 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

is prime symbol use in Doppler effect

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/dopp.html

Yes that document shows many uses of prime to indicate derivative and double prime to indicate the second derivative.Spitzak (talk) 20:27, 16 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Origin of Prime Symbols (′, ″, ‴, ⁗) as Stylized Superscript Roman Numerals

I read somewhere that the prime, double prime (or second), triple prime (or third), and quadruple prime (or fourth) symbols are actually stylized versions of superscript Roman numerals (I, II, III, and IIII—as an alternate version of IV). However, I don't remember where I read this. I'll keep researching this idea and merge it into the article if I can, but if anyone is able to locate a reference on this, and should you have the time, can you also include this information in the article with its source? Otherwise, you can just message me the reference and I can put it into the article, and make sure that you share credit in some way. Thank you so much.

— Champaign (talk) 10:19, 12 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]