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Washington Crossing State Park

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Coordinates: 40°18′40″N 74°51′49″W / 40.31111°N 74.86361°W / 40.31111; -74.86361
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Not to be confused with Washington Crossing Historic Park, a Pennsylvania state park near the same location. For other uses, see Washington Crossing.

Washington Crossing State Park
Crossing site, from the New Jersey side, looking west to Pennsylvania across the Delaware River.
Washington Crossing State Park is located in Mercer County, New Jersey
Washington Crossing State Park
Washington Crossing State Park
Washington Crossing State Park is located in New Jersey
Washington Crossing State Park
Washington Crossing State Park
Washington Crossing State Park is located in the United States
Washington Crossing State Park
Washington Crossing State Park
LocationHopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
Nearest cityTitusville, New Jersey and Trenton, New Jersey
Coordinates40°18′40″N 74°51′49″W / 40.31111°N 74.86361°W / 40.31111; -74.86361
Area3,575 acres (1,447 ha)
NRHP reference No.66000650[1]
NJRHP No.1706[2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Designated NHLJanuary 20, 1961
Designated NJRHPMay 27, 1971

Washington Crossing State Park is a 3,575-acre (14 km2) New Jersey state park that is part of Washington's Crossing, a U.S. National Historic Landmark area. It is located in the Washington Crossing and Titusville sections of Hopewell Township in Mercer County, north of Trenton along the Delaware River. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry. It is supported by the Washington Crossing Park Association, a friends group that works to preserve, enhance, and advocate for the park.[3]

This park area, together with Washington Crossing Historic Park on the Pennsylvania side, comprise the Washington's Crossing National Historic Landmark, which was listed on January 20, 1961, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.[4][5]

The park's natural area consists of 140 acres (0.57 km2) of mixed hardwood forests and fields that offer locations for hiking, picnics, nature walks and cross-country skiing.[6] The Nature Center offers exhibits, displays, and educational programs for children, families and school groups. During warmer months, concerts and plays are held at the Washington Crossing Open Air Theatre, an outdoor theater with seating consisting of wooden benches.

Goat Hill Overlook, located nearby in West Amwell Township in Hunterdon County, is administered by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry as part of Washington Crossing State Park.

Johnson's Ferry

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The park includes the site of George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River at Johnson's Ferry. This is where George Washington and a 2,400-man detachment of the Continental Army crossed the river overnight on December 25, 1776, and into the morning of December 26, 1776, to make a surprise attack on Trenton, a move that would prove to be a turning point in the American Revolutionary War. The corresponding ferry on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River was known as McConkey's Ferry.[7]

The Johnson Ferry House, an 18th-century farmhouse and tavern near the Delaware River, was owned by Garret Johnson, who operated a 490-acre (2.0 km2) plantation and a ferry service across the Delaware.[8] It was likely used by General Washington and other officers at the time of the crossing.[6] Several rooms are furnished with period pieces, and an 18th-century kitchen garden has been planted. On weekends, living-history demonstrations are frequently held.

Nelson House

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Built c. 1850, the Nelson House, also known as the Alexander Nelson Tavern, is located near the landing site on the Delaware River and is used for park history demonstrations.[9] The house includes period furnishings and old photographs of railroad and canal transportation.

Washington Crossing Visitor Center Museum

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Military map by William Faden with troop movements during the Ten Crucial Days

The Washington Crossing Visitor Center Museum focuses on the American Revolution and the military campaign known as the "Ten Crucial Days" from December 25, 1776, through January 3, 1777.[10] During this time, the George Washington and the Continental Army crossed the Delaware River, and fought at the Battle of Trenton, the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, and the Battle of Princeton. It features the Harry Kels Swan Collection of Revolutionary War artifacts. Over 700 military items from the American and British Armies are included in the collection.[6] The center also includes interpretive history exhibits that cover the Revolutionary War from its prelude in 1758 to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Nature Center and Observatory

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The Washington Crossing State Park Nature Center offers nature education programs are for schools, youth groups, community organizations, and visitors to the park. The center is open Wednesday through Sunday, year round.

Nearby is the John W. H. Simpson Observatory, which is operated by the Amateur Astronomers Association of Princeton. The observatory houses two telescopes: a 6.25-inch Hastings-Byrne refractor and a 14-inch SCT. The observatory is open for public observing led by association volunteers on Friday nights April through October from 8 to 11 pm, weather permitting.

Goat Hill Overlook

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Goat Hill Overlook is a 213-acre (0.86 km2) scenic preserve administered as part of nearby Washington Crossing State Park. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's Green Acres program purchased the Goat Hill Overlook property in 2009 for $4.5 million from Constructural Dynamics Inc. of Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania. The company acquired Goat Hill Overlook from the Boy Scouts in 1983 and originally intended to use the land for mining operations. That plan was later changed in favor of constructing a residential development complex at the site. In addition to views of the Delaware River, the property features a prominent rock, known as Washington Rock. According to local legend, General Washington used the views from Goat Hill Overlook to assess battle conditions during the Revolutionary War. The site also offers miles of hiking trails and contains a variety of wildlife and plant species.[11]

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  • Johnson Ferry House
    Johnson Ferry House
  • Stone barn by the Johnson Ferry House[12]
    Stone barn by the Johnson Ferry House[12]
  • Nelson House
    Nelson House
  • Ferry boat reproduction[13]
    Ferry boat reproduction[13]
  • Sign marking Continental Army route.
    Sign marking Continental Army route.
  • Monument near the crossing site
    Monument near the crossing site

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System – (#66000650)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  2. ^ "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Historic Preservation Office. December 30, 2019. p. 7.
  3. ^ "Washington Crossing Park Association". Washington Crossing Park Association.
  4. ^ C. E. Shedd Jr. (August 1, 1960). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Washington Crossing State Park" (pdf). National Park Service. and Accompanying two photos, from 1960
  5. ^ "New Jersey NHL Washington's Crossing". National Park Service. August 1, 1960 – via National Archives Catalog for New Jersey. {{cite web}}: External link in |via= (help) Downloading may be slow.
  6. ^ a b c "Washington Crossing State Park". New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.
  7. ^ Rutt, Walter E. (January 25, 1937). "McKonkey Ferry House" (PDF). Historic American Buildings Survey.
  8. ^ Danilov, Victor J. (2013). Famous Americans: A Directory of Museums, Historic Sites, and Memorials. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810891869.
  9. ^ Osborne, Peter (2012). Where Washington Once Led: A History of New Jersey's Washington Crossing State Park. Yardley Press. pp. 59–64. ISBN 978-0-9860305-0-5. OCLC 895194785.
  10. ^ "Ten Crucial Days". Crossroads of the American Revolution Association.
  11. ^ "DEP Preserves Scenic Acres Along the Delaware River" (Press release). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. October 14, 2009. Department of Environmental Protection Acting Commissioner Mark N. Mauriello today announced the preservation of a 213 acres (0.86 km2) scenic property in West Amwell Township, Hunterdon County.
  12. ^ "Stone Barn". Washington Crossing Park Association.
  13. ^ "Ferry Boat Reproduction". Washington Crossing Park Association.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Washington Crossing State Park.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johnson Ferry House.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nelson House.
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